From Opus

australis group , Australian Pipit
Photo by Neil Fifer
Sydney, Australia, April 2004

Anthus novaeseelandiae

[edit] Identification

Brown head and upperparts, streaked darker, prominent white eyebrow. White underparts, streaked brown on the breast and the outer tail feathers are white.

[edit] Distribution

Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea.

[edit] Taxonomy

novaeseelandiae, New Zealand Pipit
Photo by Layzeboy
Lake Brunner, New Zealand, June 2006

Several subspecies which can be divided in two groups which are sometimes split:

• australis from New Guinea and Australia, sometimes split as Anthus australis, Australian Pipit
• novaseelandiae from New Zealand and adjacent islands, sometimes split as Anthus novaseelandiae, New Zealand Pipit.

This species was formerly a part of a much larger species called Anthus novaseelandiae which was split in African Pipit, Mountain Pipit, Paddyfield Pipit, Richard's Pipit and Australasian Pipit.

[edit] Subspecies^[1]

• A. n. exiguus:

• Grasslands of central New Guinea (Mount Hagen to upper Watut River)

• A. n. rogersi:

• Northern Australia (Northern Territory to Gulf of Carpenteria)

• A. n. bilbali:

• South-western Australia

• A. n. australis (subaustralis):

• Queensland to Victoria and eastern South Australia

• A. n. bistriatus:

• Tasmania and islands in Bass Strait

• A. n. novaeseelandiae (reischeki):

• South Island (New Zealand)

• A. n. chathamensis:

• Chatham Islands

• A. n. aucklandicus:

• Auckland Islands

• A. n. steindachneri:

• Antipodes Islands

[edit] Habitat

Rough grasslands, sand dunes and rocky terrain. Avoids agricultural areas.

[edit] Behaviour

[edit] Movement

Has the distinctive habit of flicking its long tail up and down. Long legs, jerky walk and often flies a short distance.

[edit] Diet

The diet is mainly invertebrates, especially beetles (including grass grubs), wasps, flies, spiders, crickets, moths and bugs, insect larvae and pupae and sandhoppers. They also take seeds of grasses, clover and weeds.

[edit] Breeding

Some pairs remain on territory all year and breed year after year. The female builds the bulky grass nest with a deep cup, which is usually well hidden at the base of a clump of grass, tussock, bracken fern, Manuka bush, or on the side of a bank. Between August and February 2-3 clutches of 2-5 cream eggs, heavily blotched brown with a darker zone at the broader end are laid. The female incubates for 14-15 days and both parents feed the nestlings which fledge at 14-16 days old.

[edit] Vocalisation

The common call is a shrill scree or drawn out zwee.

[edit] References

1. Clements, JF. 2008. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2008. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist.

• List of references

[edit] External Links

• View more images of this species on the ABID