From Opus

Male hispanica
Photo by sdaly
Andalucia, Southern Spain

Oenanthe hispanica

Inlcudes Western and Eastern Black-eared Wheatear

[edit] Identification

13.5-15.5 cm.
Male - white forehead and crown, buff mantle, black wings, underparts are white tinged with buff, white back, upper tail coverts and tail, black ear coverts, black line from the bill, sometimes black throat.

In autumn and winter the head and mantle are distinctly buff, as are the underparts, including the throat, but the buff varies in intensity.

Males of the eastern race (as seen in Cyprus, for example) are much paler above than the western form. They can look almost black and white in strong sunlight, with just a pale sandy brown colouration.

Male melanoleuca without black throat
Photo by scottishdude
Lesvos, Greece, May 2011

Also, males of both the eastern and western forms come in two colour morphs - pale throated and black throated. The black throated form is said to be commoner in the eastern subspecies and the white-throated in the western subspecies.

Female - browner bird, and her seasonal changes are less marked. Can show a dark chin and face in autumn.

[edit] Similar Species

Identification of younger birds of this species versus Pied Wheatear is discussed in a [thread] in the Identification forum.

[edit] Distribution

The "western" subspecies hispanica is found from southern Europe and northern Africa to Senegal and Mali.
"Eastern Black-eared Wheatear" (subspecies melanoleuca) is found in south-east Europe to Iran and the Caspian Sea, migrating to northern Africa.

Female
Photo by scottishdude
Dumistan, Bahrain, October 2009

[edit] Taxonomy

[edit] Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized^[1]:

• O. h. hispanica in south-western Europe and North Africa
• O. h. melanoleuca in SE Europe, Turkey and to Iran.

Some authorities propose to give full species status to both, named Western Black-eared Wheatear and Eastern Black-eared Wheatear.

[edit] Habitat

Stony mountainous slopes, usually below 600 m; open countryside, maybe with a few trees.

[edit] Behaviour

[edit] Diet

The diet includes insects.

[edit] Breeding

Female, worn summer plumage
Photo by Blackstart
Israel, October 2002

Nests in holes among rocks and walls, or under tussocks of grass.

[edit] References

1. Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
2. Collins Field Guide 5th Edition
3. Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6

• List of references

[edit] External Links