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Photo by Oregonian
Nevado De Ruiz, near Manizales, Caldas, Colombia, August 2006

Carduelis spinescens

[edit] Identification

[edit] Distribution

South America: found in Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador

[edit] Taxonomy

[edit] Subspecies^[1]

• C. s. spinescens (capitanea):

• Andes of Colombia to Venezuela and extreme north-western Ecuador

• C. s. nigricauda:

• Temperate central and western Andes of northern Colombia

A third subspecies C.s. capitanea is recognised by some aurthors^[2]

[edit] Habitat

Moist montanes, high-altitude shrubland, and high-altitude grassland.

[edit] Behaviour

[edit] References

1. Clements, JF. 2008. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2008. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist.
2. Avibase
3. Wikipedia

[edit] External Links