From Opus

Photo by Robert_Scanlon
P Isla Salamanca, Colombia, May 2004

Todirostrum cinereum

[edit] Identification

9.5-10.2 cm

• Dark olive-green upperparts
• Yellow underparts
• Black head
• Dark grey nape
• Black wings
• 2 yellow wing bars
• Black tail; white tipped; long
• Pale iris
• Straight black bill
  

Sexes similar
Juvenile: greyer upper head, buff wing markings, paler underparts
On some birds, the white in the eye is more brownish-yellow and quite inconspicuous.

Yellow-eyed individual
Photo by Oderson
Itumbiara Brazil, June 2009

[edit] Similar Species

Some individuals will show yellow lores and care must be taken to distinguish from Yellow-lored Tody Flycatcher. A distinct fieldmark for this species is white tips to outer rectrices.^[4]

[edit] Distribution

Found from Mexico through Central America to northern half of South America, northwestern Peru, eastern Bolivia and southern Brazil.

[edit] Taxonomy

[edit] Subspecies

There are eight subspecies^[1]:

• T. c. virididorsale:

• Tropical southern Mexico (Veracruz and n Oaxaca)

• T. c. finitimum:

• Tropical southern Mexico (Tabasco and Chiapas) to north-western Costa Rica

• T. c. wetmorei:

• Tropical central and eastern Costa Rica and Panama

• T. c. sclateri:

• South-western Colombia (Nariño) to western Ecuador and north-western Peru

• T. c. cinereum:

• Tropical southern Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas and northern Brazil

• T. c. peruanum:

• Eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (south to Cuzco)

• T. c. coloreum:

• South-eastern Brazil (Espírito Santo) to northern Paraguay and northern Bolivia

• T. c. cearae:

• North-eastern Brazil (eastern Pará to Piauí, Ceará, Alagoas and northern Bahia)

[edit] Habitat

Forests, plantations, shrubby areas and gardens.

[edit] Behaviour

Both sexes build the pouch shaped nest. The 2 white eggs are incubated by the female for 15-16 days.

[edit] References

1. Clements, JF. 2010. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2010. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/Clements%206.5.xls/view
2. Wikipedia
3. Arthur Grosset
4. Thread discussing differences between Common and Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatchers

• List of references

[edit] External Links