From Opus

Photo by Leif G
Yanacocha, Ecuador, October 2009

Ochthoeca frontalis

Includes Peruvian, Kalinowski's or Southern Crowned Chat-Tyrant

[edit] Identification

Some variable elements of plumage: in eastern Colombia with entirely white supercilium, in much of range yellow in front of eye, and in southern part of range (Kalinowski's Chat-Tyrant) often with rufous wing bars.

[edit] Distribution

South America: found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

[edit] Taxonomy

This species has been placed in genus Silvicultrix in the past.

[edit] Subspecies

Clements accepts four subspecies^[1]:

• O. f. albidiadema:

• Eastern Andes of Colombia (north to Norte de Santander)

• O. f. frontalis:

• Central Andes of Colombia to Andes of Ecuador and northern Peru

• O. f. spodionota:

• Andes of Peru (Jun¡n, Ayacucho and Cordillera Vilcabamba)

• O. f. boliviana:

• Andes of Peru (Hu nuco and Cuzco) to western Bolivia

Spodionota (together with boliviana) is sometimes considered a full species, Peruvian or Kalinowski's Chat-Tyrant.

[edit] Habitat

Moist montanes, paramo.

[edit] Behaviour

Usually low in dense undergrowth, alone or in pairs.

[edit] References

1. Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
2. Paper discussing the taxonomy of Chat Tyrants including the separation of O. spodionota as a full species
3. Wikipedia

• List of references

[edit] External Links