From Opus

Female of the variant with orange throat
Photo by Aralcal
Aralcal, Colombia, 2009.

Ramphocelus flammigerus

Includes: Yellow-rumped Tanager/Lemon-rumped Tanager

[edit] Identification

Males are mostly black with lower back, rump and uppertail coverts either lemony yellow (subspecies icteronotus) or the same area warmer yellow to orange, crimson, or scarlet (subspecies flammigerus). The birds with less scarlet have been interpreted as hybrids or intergrades.

Male of the yellow-rumped subspecies icteronotus
Photo by Stanley Jones
Canopy Lodge in El Valle de Antón, Coclé Province, Panama. February 2011

Females are mostly olive-grey above and in head, yellow below and on lower back and rump; subspecies differ in tone with icteronotus showing a rather cold lemony yellow, flammigerus a warmer yellow that can approach orange. The majority of flammigerus females show a reddish-orange band across the lower throat.

[edit] Distribution

Western Panama, Colombia and extreme western Ecuador at low to middle elevations.

[edit] Taxonomy

male of subspecies flammigerus. Photo by Oregonian
Near Manizales, Caldas, Colombia, May 2004

Two subspecies are recognized: flammigerus exclusively in Colombia and preferring middle elevations and icteronotus in Panama and the coastal lowland in Colombia to western Ecuador.

The two subspecies have in the past been viewed as two different species, and Restall^[3] argues quite strongly that they should be seen that way again, and that contrary to earlier reports, the variation seen in lower elevation Flame-rumped Tanager (subspecies flammigerus) is not a proof of hybridization. Subspecies icteronotus as a full species has been called Yellow-rumped Tanager or Lemon-rumped Tanager.

[edit] Habitat

Variable: includes primary forest and edges, second growth, overgrown areas, gardens and parks. Subspecies icteronotus seems excluded from the primary forest.

Female of subspecies icteronotus (with Green Honeycreeper). Photo by Ecuadorrebel
Milpe Bird Sanctuary, Ecuador, September 2010

[edit] Behaviour

Feeds on fruit, invertebrates, etc. Mostly occur in small flocks.

[edit] References

1. Clements, James F. 2007. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to October 2007. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801445019
2. Ridgely & Gwynne 1989. Birds of Panama. Princeton Paperbacks. ISBN 0691025126
3. Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156

[edit] External Links