From Opus

A bird of the obscurus group
Photo by digitalbirder
Manning Park forest, British Columbia, Canada

Alternative name: Canada Jay

Perisoreus canadensis

[edit] Identification

27 - 31cm. A small, variable jay of the forest of North America. Generally small-billed and with a fluffy appearance.

• Nominate subspecies:
  • White to light greyish-white forehead, forecrown, face, neck and upper breast
  • Black to dark brown central crown to nape
  • Slate-grey upperparts
  • Light grey underparts
• capitalis:
  • paler, with a much paler head than nominate

A bird of the canadensis group
Photo by mjmw
Ocquossoc, Maine, USA, February 2008

• obscurus:
  • dark on head extends to forecrown
  • contrastingly dark above and pale below

The other subspecies are intermediate between the three mentioned. Sexes similar, males larger than females. Juveniles are much darker than adults.

[edit] Similar species

Looks superficially similar to Clark's Nutcracker.

[edit] Distribution

North America:
Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Island
United States: New England, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming

[edit] Taxonomy

Juvenile
Photo by Glen Tepke
Mount Jefferson, White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire, USA, June 2004

[edit] Subspecies^[1]

Canadensis Group - Gray Jay (Northern)

• P. c. pacificus:

• North-central Alaska, northern Yukon and north-western Mackenzie

• P. c. canadensis:

• Canada (central Yukon) to northern US

• P. c. nigricapillus:

• Eastern Canada (northern Quebec to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia)

• P. c. bicolor:

• South-eastern British Columbia to eastern Washington, north-eastern Oregon and western Montana
  

Gray Jay (Rocky Mountains)

• P. c. capitalis:

• Rocky Mountains (Idaho and Montana to New Mexico)

• P. c. albescens :

• North-eastern British Columbia to western South Dakota and north-western Nebraska

obscurus Group - Gray Jay (Pacific)

• P. c. arcus:

• South-western Canada (coastal mountains of British Columbia)

• P. c. griseus:

• South-western British Columbia and Vancouver Island to north-eastern California

• P. c. obscurus:

• Coastal north-western US (Washington to north-western California)

[edit] Habitat

Coniferous and mixed forest of the taiga and high mountain elevations. Recorded at 2440 - 3050m in the Rocky Mountains.

[edit] Behaviour

They travel in small flocks and are very tame and often approach people.
Feeds on beetles, bugs, other insects, spiders, berries, fungi and sometimes on small birds, frogs, snakes, mice or other vertebrates. Takes also carrion. Produces a sticky saliva with which it glues together berries and other food items into balls for easier winter storage, like its relative the Siberian Jay.
Breeding season starts already in late winter (February) and goes to April. Two birds stay permanently together. The nestis a bulky platform made of twigs and well insulated. It's placed 1.7 to 15m above the ground, close to the trunk of a spruce or fir tree. Lays 3 - 4 eggs.
A resident species. Most pairs stay in their territory for their whole life.

[edit] References

1. Clements, JF. 2009. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2009. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
2. Avibase
3. Del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, and D Christie, eds. 2009. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553507

• List of references

[edit] External Links