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Photo by Jose Carlos
Gamboa, Panama

Picumnus olivaceus

[edit] Identification

9–10 cm. A tiny woodpecker

• Short, pointed bill
• Olive above
• Black cap with white spots
• Dusky cheeks with white streaks
• Pale olive to dusky below with light flank streaking
  

Male: yellow-orange streaked crown
Female: lacks the yellow-orange.

[edit] Distribution

Rather local from Guatemala to northwestern Ecuador.

[edit] Taxonomy

[edit] Subspecies^[1]

• P. o. dimotus:

• Lowlands of eastern Guatemala, northern Honduras and eastern Nicaragua

• P. o. flavotinctus:

• Costa Rica to Panama and extreme north-western Colombia (Chocó)

• P. o. olivaceus:

• Western Colombia (Sucre) south in Andes to Cauca Valley and east to Huila

• P. o. harterti:

• South-western Colombia and western Ecuador; recorded from north-western Peru (Tumbes)

• P. o. eisenmanni :

• Western Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá) and adjacent Colombia

• P. o. tachirensis:

• Eastern Andes of Colombia and adjacent western Venezuela (south-western Táchira)

[edit] Habitat

Humid tropical evergreen forest and forest edge, including plantations.

[edit] Behaviour

Similar to Plain Xenops

[edit] Diet

Diet includes mainly ants, especially those that tunnel in dead twigs; also takes other insects and their eggs and larvae.

[edit] Breeding

A nest cavity is excavated in soft wood, in a low stub, by both members of a pair. The pair roosts together in the cavity prior to nesting. 1–3 white eggs are laid and incubated for about 14 days by both parents; young fed by both parents and fledge at about age 24–26 days.

[edit] References

1. Clements, JF. 2008. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2008. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist.
2. Answers.com

• List of references

[edit] External Links