From Opus

Photo by janruss
Location: Edmonds, Washington, USA

Oreothlypis celata

Vermivora celata

[edit] Identification

4.25 inches. Thin, very pointed bill, indistinct yellow supercilium, indistinct broken eye ring, grey to olive head, back, and wings, yellow to dull yellow/olive underparts with blurry, indistinct streaks on breast. Yellow undertail coverts. Females and immatures are somewhat duller. Orange crown rarely shows; most visible when crown feathers are raised, and from behind.

[edit] Distribution

Alaska and almost universal in Canada (absent only in the southeast and far northeast); Western United States from Washington to western Montana south to California to western tip of Texas. In migration found almost anywhere in the United States but far more widespread in west.

[edit] Taxonomy

The Orange-crowned Warbler is divided into four subspecies that differ in plumage color, size, and molt patterns. Nominate celata found in Alaska and across Canada is the dullest and grayest. The Pacific Coast form, lutescens, is the brightest yellow. Found throughout the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin, orestera is intermediate in appearance. The form sordida is the darkest green and is found only on the Channel Islands and locally along the coast of southern California and northern Baja California.

It was formerly included in Vermivora, Gill and Donsker place it in Leiothlypis.

[edit] Habitat

Forest edges, especially in low deciduous growth, burns, clearings, and thickets; often seen in riverside willows and scrub oak chaparral during migration.

[edit] Behaviour

They forage actively in low shrubs, flying from perch to perch, sometimes hovering. The diet includes insects, berries and nectar.

The female chooses the nest site, which is usually on the ground under dense vegetation, but may be in a shrub, low tree, fern, or vine. She builds a small, open nest cup out of leaves, moss, small twigs, and bark, lined with fine grass and hair, and incubates 4 to 5 eggs for 11 to 13 days. Both parents feed the young.

[edit] External Links