From Opus

Photo of subspecies gularis by JorgePeru
Peru April 2009

Paroaria gularis

[edit] Identification

Glossy blue black above; entire head and upper throat scarlet; lores and large triangular patch on lower throat black extending onto chest; rest of underparts white.
Immature: scarlet on head replaced by buffy brown.

[edit] Distribution

Southeast Colombia to southern Venezuela, the Guianas, Peru, Amazonian Brazil and northern Bolivia.

[edit] Taxonomy

Two subspecies recognized:

• P.g. gularis in Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Peru and Amazonian Brazil
• P.g. cervicalis in northern Bolivia and adjacent Brazil

Masked Cardinal was formerly considered conspecific; Yellow-billed Cardinal on the other hand might become included under Red-capped Cardinal.

[edit] Habitat

Swamps, mangroves and open areas near water.

[edit] Behaviour

Its diet includes insects, rice and fruit.

Breeding takes place from June to September. The nest is a shallow cup, about 9-10 cm wide and 7 cm high and is built in a tree. It is built of thin twigs, and ferns. 2-3 eggs are laid.

Voice: Song a clear, sweet suweet-ch, repeated at short intervals; call a soft chup.

[edit] References

1. Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
2. Avibase
3. Birdforum Taxonomy thread read in June 2009

• List of references

[edit] External Links