- Loriotus luctuosus
Tachyphonus luctuosus
Identification
Photo © by Stanley Jones
Pipeline Road, northwest of Gamboa, Panama, February 2018
13–14 cm (5-5½ in)
- Glossy black overall plumage
- White shoulder patch
- Long-tailed
- Black thin bill
Females and immatures: have olive upperparts, yellow underparts, grey head and neck.
Variation
Females in the Caribbean slope of Central America have heads with olive colors and minimal contrast to body.
Distribution
Central America: Honduras to Panama
South America: Colombia south to Ecuador (west of the Andes) and Bolivia (east of the Andes), east to southern Brazil and the Guianas, and on Trinidad.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
Five subspecies are recognized1:
- L. l. axillaris:
- L. l. nitidissimus:
- Pacific slope of south-western Costa Rica and extreme western Panama
- L. l. panamensis:
- L. l. luctuosus:
- L. l. flaviventris:
- Extreme north-eastern Venezuela (Sucre) and Trinidad
Habitat
Tall mature second growth forests and cocoa plantations.
Behaviour
Breeding
Their nest is a deep open cup made from dry grass and lined with fine fibres. It is placed in low vegetation. The clutch consists of 3 cream eggs with brown blotches.
Diet
Their main diet consists of insects, including stick insects, with the addition of fruit.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Feb 2018)
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) White-shouldered Tanager. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 25 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/White-shouldered_Tanager
External Links
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