From Opus

Contopus cinereus

Includes: Tumbes Pewee

Photo by Robert Scanlon
Santa Marta, Colombia, May 2004

[edit] Identification

14 cm

• Dark brown upperparts
• Black crown
• Two white wing bars
• White throat and centre of the breast
• Pale yellow belly
• Greyish-brown sides of the flanks and breast
• Short bill: black upper mandible; orange lower mandible
  

Sexes similar

[edit] Distribution

Juvenile
Photo by RKA
Maraval, Trinidad, July 2012

Central and South America
Central America: Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Trinidad
South America: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.

[edit] Taxonomy

[edit] Subspecies

There are 8 subspecies^[1]

• C. c. brachytarsus (Short-legged):

• Tropical south-eastern Mexico (Oaxaca and Veracruz) to Panama

• C. c. rhizophorus:

• Arid Pacific littoral of western Costa Rica (Guanacaste)

• C. c. aithalodes:

• Isla Coiba (Panama)

• C. c. bogotensis:

• Northern Colombia to northern Venezuela and north-western Brazil; Trinidad

• C. c. surinamensis:

• Southern Venezuela to the Guianas and north-eastern Brazil

• C. c. pallescens:

• Extreme south-eastern Peru to eastern Brazil, Bolivia and north-western Argentina

• C. c. cinereus:

• South-eastern Brazil (Bahia to Paraná) to eastern Paraguay and north-eastern Argentina

• C. c. punensis:

• Andes of Ecuador and northern Peru (south to Junín)
• Split by Gill and Donsker (2010) as Tumbes Pewee C. punensis

[edit] Habitat

Lowlands to lower elevation on mountains in semi-deciduous forests and clearings, mixed pasture, wet fields and gardens, and even locally in mangrove.

[edit] Behaviour

[edit] Breeding

The female builds a small open saucer nest of fibre and grasses, lined with grass and decorated with lichen on its exterior. Two creamy-white eggs, marked with red-brown spots, are incubated by the female for 15-16 days.

[edit] Diet

The diet includes insects.

[edit] References

1. Clements, JF. 2008. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2008. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
2. Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2010. IOC World Bird Names (version 2.7). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
3. Avibase
4. Wikipedia

• List of references

[edit] External Links