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;[[:Category:Dryocopus|Dryocopus]] martius | ;[[:Category:Dryocopus|Dryocopus]] martius | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | 45–55 cm (17½-21½ in)<br /> | |
*Glossy black plumage | *Glossy black plumage | ||
*White eye (or more precisely [[Topography#Heads|iris]]); most if not all birds have a black spot on the iris that can make the pupil look tear-shaped or bar-shaped. | *White eye (or more precisely [[Topography#Heads|iris]]); most if not all birds have a black spot on the iris that can make the pupil look tear-shaped or bar-shaped. | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
In the Western Palearctic the main breeding range is [[Scandinavia]] except the highest mountains and the far north and from [[Germany]] and [[Switzerland]] across [[Europe]] to the Urals and Caspian. In the south breeds as far as northern [[Greece]] but rare and local in [[Turkey]]. Scattered breeding populations in much of [[France]] and the [[Low Countries]], the Pyrenees and Cantabrians, southern Apennines, the eastern Balkans and isolated in the [[Caucasus]]. | In the Western Palearctic the main breeding range is [[Scandinavia]] except the highest mountains and the far north and from [[Germany]] and [[Switzerland]] across [[Europe]] to the Urals and Caspian. In the south breeds as far as northern [[Greece]] but rare and local in [[Turkey]]. Scattered breeding populations in much of [[France]] and the [[Low Countries]], the Pyrenees and Cantabrians, southern Apennines, the eastern Balkans and isolated in the [[Caucasus]]. | ||
[[Image:Black_Woodpecker.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|Pasha|Pasha}}<br> Moscow, [[Russia]]]] | [[Image:Black_Woodpecker.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|Pasha|Pasha}}<br> Moscow, [[Russia]]]] | ||
| − | Breeds across northern [[Asia]] from the Urals to Kamchatka, Sakhalin and [[China]]. In [[Japan]] breeds on | + | Breeds across northern [[Asia]] from the Urals to Kamchatka, Sakhalin and [[China]]. In [[Japan]] breeds on Hokkaido and has bred in northern Honshu and there is an isolated population in western China. |
Mainly resident but small numbers are seen at [[Scandinavia|Scandinavian]] migration sites and juveniles disperse to some extent. Expanding range in north-western Europe, particularly in [[France]] and now found as far west as [[Brittany]]. | Mainly resident but small numbers are seen at [[Scandinavia|Scandinavian]] migration sites and juveniles disperse to some extent. Expanding range in north-western Europe, particularly in [[France]] and now found as far west as [[Brittany]]. | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
Vagrants have possibly reached [[Britain]] but despite now having been reported more than 80 times there are no accepted records. The English Channel does not seem to be an insurmountable barrier for this species as it has colonised the [[Denmark|Danish]] island of Bornholm which lies a similar distance from the mainland as that between northern [[France]] and [[Kent]]. | Vagrants have possibly reached [[Britain]] but despite now having been reported more than 80 times there are no accepted records. The English Channel does not seem to be an insurmountable barrier for this species as it has colonised the [[Denmark|Danish]] island of Bornholm which lies a similar distance from the mainland as that between northern [[France]] and [[Kent]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| + | There are 2 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
*''D. m. martius'': | *''D. m. martius'': | ||
:*Coniferous and beech forests of [[Eurasia]] | :*Coniferous and beech forests of [[Eurasia]] | ||
| Line 31: | Line 32: | ||
Nests in large tree, favours beech, pine or aspen, and 4 or more eggs are laid. Often drums from the highest tree in the area. | Nests in large tree, favours beech, pine or aspen, and 4 or more eggs are laid. Often drums from the highest tree in the area. | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | Frequently feeds on the ground. | + | Frequently feeds on the ground. Their main diet consists of ants and their larvae. |
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| − | '''Drum'': very loud and fast. Can be heard at distances of 2-4 km. | + | '''Drum''': very loud and fast. Can be heard at distances of 2-4 km.<br /> |
'''Call''': loud ''p'eee and ''kvi-vi-vi-vi'' | '''Call''': loud ''p'eee and ''kvi-vi-vi-vi'' | ||
<flashmp3>Dryocopus martius (song).mp3</flashmp3><br /> | <flashmp3>Dryocopus martius (song).mp3</flashmp3><br /> | ||
''[[Media:Dryocopus martius (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]'' | ''[[Media:Dryocopus martius (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]'' | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug14}}#Birdwatchers Pocket Guide ISBN 1-85732-804-3 |
#Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6 | #Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6 | ||
#The Spread of Black Woodpecker in Europe - Will It Reach Britain next? Birding World 11 (11) Gerard Gorman. | #The Spread of Black Woodpecker in Europe - Will It Reach Britain next? Birding World 11 (11) Gerard Gorman. | ||
#Woodpeckers of Europe: A Study of the European Picidae. Gerard Gorman. ISBN 1-872842-05-4 | #Woodpeckers of Europe: A Study of the European Picidae. Gerard Gorman. ISBN 1-872842-05-4 | ||
#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?p=1868378 Birdforum thread] discussing tear-shaped pupil in Black Woodpecker | #[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?p=1868378 Birdforum thread] discussing tear-shaped pupil in Black Woodpecker | ||
| + | #Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved June 2015) | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Dryocopus+martius}} | {{GSearch|Dryocopus+martius}} | ||
| − | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Dryocopus]] [[Category:Bird Songs]] | + | <br /> |
| + | {{Video|Black_Woodpecker}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Dryocopus]] [[Category:Bird Songs]] [[Category:Videos]] | ||
Revision as of 20:22, 25 June 2015
- Dryocopus martius
Identification
45–55 cm (17½-21½ in)
- Glossy black plumage
- White eye (or more precisely iris); most if not all birds have a black spot on the iris that can make the pupil look tear-shaped or bar-shaped.
- Bill: large greyish-white (5cm) dagger-shaped; broad at the base and tapering to a sharp tip. Darkish culmen ridge and tip
- Dull grey legs and feet
Males- entire crown is red, females red hindcrown only
Distribution
Occurs from Europe to the Pacific coast of northern Asia.
In the Western Palearctic the main breeding range is Scandinavia except the highest mountains and the far north and from Germany and Switzerland across Europe to the Urals and Caspian. In the south breeds as far as northern Greece but rare and local in Turkey. Scattered breeding populations in much of France and the Low Countries, the Pyrenees and Cantabrians, southern Apennines, the eastern Balkans and isolated in the Caucasus.
Breeds across northern Asia from the Urals to Kamchatka, Sakhalin and China. In Japan breeds on Hokkaido and has bred in northern Honshu and there is an isolated population in western China.
Mainly resident but small numbers are seen at Scandinavian migration sites and juveniles disperse to some extent. Expanding range in north-western Europe, particularly in France and now found as far west as Brittany.
Vagrants have possibly reached Britain but despite now having been reported more than 80 times there are no accepted records. The English Channel does not seem to be an insurmountable barrier for this species as it has colonised the Danish island of Bornholm which lies a similar distance from the mainland as that between northern France and Kent.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 2 subspecies[1]:
- D. m. martius:
- Coniferous and beech forests of Eurasia
- D. m. khamensis:
Habitat
Mature forest, coniferous, deciduous or preferably mixed. In winter may occur in rather more open habitats.
Behaviour
Breeding
Nests in large tree, favours beech, pine or aspen, and 4 or more eggs are laid. Often drums from the highest tree in the area.
Diet
Frequently feeds on the ground. Their main diet consists of ants and their larvae.
Vocalisation
Drum: very loud and fast. Can be heard at distances of 2-4 km.
Call: loud p'eee and kvi-vi-vi-vi
<flashmp3>Dryocopus martius (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2014. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9., with updates to August 2014. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Birdwatchers Pocket Guide ISBN 1-85732-804-3
- Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
- The Spread of Black Woodpecker in Europe - Will It Reach Britain next? Birding World 11 (11) Gerard Gorman.
- Woodpeckers of Europe: A Study of the European Picidae. Gerard Gorman. ISBN 1-872842-05-4
- Birdforum thread discussing tear-shaped pupil in Black Woodpecker
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved June 2015)
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Black Woodpecker. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 20 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Black_Woodpecker
External Links
