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Bullock's Oriole
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| - | ;Icterus bullockii | + | [[Image:Bullock's_Orioleb.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}.<br> Location: Bosque Birdwatchers RV Park, San Antoni, [[New Mexico]].[[USA]]]] |
| - | [[Image:Bullocks_Oriole.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by Patrick Williams. Location: St. George, [[Utah]].]] | + | ;[[:Category:Icterus|Icterus]] bullockii |
| | ==Identification== | | ==Identification== |
| | + | 17-19cm<br /> |
| | + | '''Male''' |
| | + | *Deep orange |
| | + | *Black wings, back, and tail tips |
| | + | *White wing patches |
| | + | *Black cap |
| | + | *Black line through the eye |
| | + | *Black throat patches<br /> |
| | + | |
| | + | '''Female''' |
| | + | *Grey-brown upper parts |
| | + | *Yellow throat and breast |
| | + | *Whitish underneath |
| | + | *Two white wing bars<br /> |
| | + | '''First-year male''': black throat and eye-line |
| | ==Distribution== | | ==Distribution== |
| | Breeds from southern [[British Columbia]], southern [[Saskatchewan]], [[Montana]], and southwestern [[North Dakota]] south to western [[Texas]] and northern [[Mexico]]. Winters in [[Mexico]] south to [[Costa Rica]]. Accidental vagrant in the eastern [[United States]] and [[Venezuela]]. | | Breeds from southern [[British Columbia]], southern [[Saskatchewan]], [[Montana]], and southwestern [[North Dakota]] south to western [[Texas]] and northern [[Mexico]]. Winters in [[Mexico]] south to [[Costa Rica]]. Accidental vagrant in the eastern [[United States]] and [[Venezuela]]. |
| | ==Taxonomy== | | ==Taxonomy== |
| - | The Bullock's Oriole was once combined with the eastern counterpart [[Baltimore Oriole]] as a single species, the '''Northern Oriole''', because they began to interbreed on the Great Plains, when the two forms extended their ranges and met. Despite the differences in their appearance, they interbred, producing hybrids with intermediate patterns. <br /> | + | The Bullock's Oriole was once combined with the eastern counterpart [[Baltimore Oriole]] as a single species, the '''Northern Oriole''', because they began to interbreed on the Great Plains, when the two forms extended their ranges and met. This is in spite of these two forms not being each others closest relatives. |
| - | Polytypic. Consists of two subspecies. | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| | + | [[Image:Bullockfem 19082008 post.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile male<br />Photo by {{user|digishooter|digishooter}}<br />Wofford Heights, Kern County, [[California]], [[USA]], August 2008]] |
| | + | Two subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: |
| | + | * ''I. b. bullockii'': |
| | + | :*south-western [[Canada]] to northern [[Mexico]], migrates to north-western [[Costa Rica]] |
| | + | * ''I. b. parvus'': |
| | + | :*Extreme south-western [[USA]] to northern [[Baja California]] and north-western [[Sonora]], migrates to [[Guerrero]] |
| | ==Habitat== | | ==Habitat== |
| - | Open deciduous woods. | + | Riparian, creek willow and cottonwood, scrub and cactus, Chaparral, mixed oak and pine woodlands. |
| | ==Behaviour== | | ==Behaviour== |
| | + | ====Diet==== |
| | + | The diet includes insects, berries and nectar. |
| | + | ====Breeding==== |
| | + | The nest, located in a tree, is a pendulous basket, made from hair, twine, grass, and wool, lined with plant-down, hair, or feathers and suspended from a thin branch, overhanging over water. The 4 to 5 eggs are incubated by the female for about 11 days; the young fledge about 14 days later. |
| | + | ==References== |
| | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}}#Birdweb |
| | + | #BF Member observations |
| | + | #[http://birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=167241 Birdforum thread] discussing the Taxonomy of New World Orioles |
| | + | #[http://birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=183247 Birdforum thread] discussing the hybridization in "Northern Orioles" |
| | + | {{ref}} |
| | ==External Links== | | ==External Links== |
| | {{GSearch|Icterus+bullockii}} | | {{GSearch|Icterus+bullockii}} |
| | | | |
| - | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Incomplete]] | + | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Icterus]] |
Current revision
- Icterus bullockii
[edit] Identification
17-19cm
Male
- Deep orange
- Black wings, back, and tail tips
- White wing patches
- Black cap
- Black line through the eye
- Black throat patches
Female
- Grey-brown upper parts
- Yellow throat and breast
- Whitish underneath
- Two white wing bars
First-year male: black throat and eye-line
[edit] Distribution
Breeds from southern British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, Montana, and southwestern North Dakota south to western Texas and northern Mexico. Winters in Mexico south to Costa Rica. Accidental vagrant in the eastern United States and Venezuela.
[edit] Taxonomy
The Bullock's Oriole was once combined with the eastern counterpart Baltimore Oriole as a single species, the Northern Oriole, because they began to interbreed on the Great Plains, when the two forms extended their ranges and met. This is in spite of these two forms not being each others closest relatives.
[edit] Subspecies
Two subspecies are recognized[1]:
-
-
[edit] Habitat
Riparian, creek willow and cottonwood, scrub and cactus, Chaparral, mixed oak and pine woodlands.
[edit] Behaviour
The diet includes insects, berries and nectar.
[edit] Breeding
The nest, located in a tree, is a pendulous basket, made from hair, twine, grass, and wool, lined with plant-down, hair, or feathers and suspended from a thin branch, overhanging over water. The 4 to 5 eggs are incubated by the female for about 11 days; the young fledge about 14 days later.
[edit] References
- Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
- Birdweb
- BF Member observations
- Birdforum thread discussing the Taxonomy of New World Orioles
- Birdforum thread discussing the hybridization in "Northern Orioles"
[edit] External Links
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