Difference between revisions of "Collared Kingfisher" - BirdForum Opus

Revision as of 18:33, 28 October 2015

Photo by Romy Ocon
South Lagoon, Las Pinas City, Philippines

Todiramphus chloris

Todirhamphus chloris, Halcyon chloris

Identification

22-29 cm

Blue-green upperparts
White or buff underparts
White neck collar
Black eye stripe
Black bill
Pale yellow lower mandible

Female: more green
Subspecies vary with white or buff eyestripes, white spot between bill and eye.

Distribution

Locally around the Red Sea, the Arabian Peninsula, India to southeast Asia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Southern Asia and Malaysia.

Taxonomy

Courting behaviour
Photo by russkie
Langkawi, Malaysia

Was previously Halcyon chloris. The Sibley-Monroe spelling of the scientific name (Todirhamphus chloris) is incorrect. Clements and Howard & Moore both use Todiramphus chloris. More details in this discussion.
This is a polytypic species formerly consisting of 50+ subspecies which are now split into six species: Collared Kingfisher, Pacific Kingfisher, Torresian Kingfisher, Mariana Kingfisher, Melanesian Kingfisher and Colonist Kingfisher.

Photo by Romy Ocon
Manila Bay, Philippines, September 2010

Subspecies

14 subspecies recognized:

T. c. abyssinicus: West coast of Red Sea to head of Gulf of Aden
T. c. kalbaensis: South coast of Arabian Peninsula to extreme north-western Oman
T. c. humii: North-western India to Malay Peninsula, Thailand, Myanmar, Mergui Archaepelago
T. c. vidali: Peninsular India (Ratnagiri District)
T. c. armstrongi: Southern Thailand and Myanmar
T. c. davisoni: Andaman Islands and Cocos Islands (Indian Ocean)
T. c. occipitalis: Nicobar Islands
T. c. chloropterus: Islands off western Sumatra (except Enggano)
T. c. azelus: Enggano Island (off south-western [Sumatra]])
T. c. palmeri: Java, Bali and adjacent islands in Java Sea
T. c. laubmannianus: Southern Sumatra, Borneo and adjacent islands
T. c. collaris: Philippines, Sulu Archipelago and Palawan
T. c. chloris: Sulawesi to north-western New Guinea and Lesser Sundas
T. c. teraokai: Palau Islands (western Caroline Islands)

Habitat

Coastal areas, mangrove swamps, farmland, open woodland, grassland and gardens.

Behaviour

Diet

The diet includes crabs, insects, shrimps, frogs, worms, snails, lizards and small fish.

Breeding

It nests in holes. The clutch consists of 2-7 round whitish eggs which are incubated by both parents. The young fledge about 44 days after hatching.

References

Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2015. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2015, with updates to August 2015. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2015. IOC World Bird Names (version 5.4). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved October 2015)

List of references

Recommended Citation

BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Collared Kingfisher. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 20 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Collared_Kingfisher

External Links

Search for photos of Collared Kingfisher in the gallery

Search for videos of Collared Kingfisher on BirdForum TV

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[Image:Collared_Kingfisher.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Photo by {{user|Romy+Ocon|Romy Ocon}}<br />South Lagoon, Las Pinas City, [[Philippines]]]]
 ;[[:Category:Todiramphus|Todiramphus]] chloris
-[[Image:Collared_Kingfisher.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Photo by Romy Ocon<br/>Location: South Lagoon, Las Pinas City, Philippines]]
 ''Todirhamphus chloris'', ''Halcyon chloris''
 ==Identification==
--29 cm.  Blue-green upperparts, white or buff below, white neck collar, black eye stripe, black bill, pale yellow lower mandible.  Female - more green.  Subspecies vary - white or buff eyestripe, white spot between bill and eye.
+-29 cm
+*Blue-green upperparts
-[[Image:Pair_Collared_Kingfishers.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Photo by russkie<br/>Courting behaviour photographed in Langkawi, Malaysia]]
+*White or buff underparts
+*White neck collar
+*Black eye stripe
+*Black bill
+*Pale yellow lower mandible<br />
+'''Female''': more green<br />
+Subspecies vary with white or buff eyestripes, white spot between bill and eye.
 ==Distribution==
+Locally around the Red Sea, the [[Arabia]]n Peninsula, [[India]] to southeast [[Asia]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Philippines]].
 Southern [[Asia]] and [[Malaysia]].
 ==Taxonomy==
+[[Image:Pair_Collared_Kingfishers.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Courting behaviour <br />Photo by {{user|russkie|russkie}}<br />Langkawi, [[Malaysia]]]]
 Was previously ''Halcyon chloris''.  The Sibley-Monroe spelling of the scientific name (''Todirhamphus chloris'') is incorrect.  Clements and Howard & Moore both use ''Todiramphus chloris''. More details in this [http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=93011 discussion].<br />
-Polytypic. Consists of 50+ subspecies.
+This is a [[Dictionary_P-S#P|polytypic]] species formerly consisting of 50+ subspecies which are now split into six species: Collared Kingfisher, [[Pacific Kingfisher]], [[Torresian Kingfisher]], [[Mariana Kingfisher]], [[Melanesian Kingfisher]] and [[Colonist Kingfisher]].
+[[Image:RMO 7726-1024x683.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|Romy+Ocon|Romy Ocon}}<br />Manila Bay, [[Philippines]], September 2010]]
-Todiramphus chloris abyssinicus		W coast of Red Sea to head of Gulf of Aden
+====Subspecies====
+subspecies recognized:
-Todiramphus chloris kalbaensis		S coast of Arabian Peninsula to extreme nw Oman
+*''T. c. abyssinicus'': West coast of Red Sea to head of Gulf of Aden
-Todiramphus chloris vidali		             Peninsular India (Ratnagiri District)
+*''T. c. kalbaensis'': South coast of Arabian Peninsula to extreme north-western [[Oman]]
-Todiramphus chloris davisoni		             Andaman Islands and Cocos Islands (Indian Ocean)
+*''T. c. humii'': North-western [[India]] to [[Malaya|Malay Peninsula]], [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], Mergui Archaepelago
+*''T. c. vidali'': Peninsular [[India]] (Ratnagiri District)
-Todiramphus chloris occipitalis		Nicobar Islands
+*''T. c. armstrongi'': Southern [[Thailand]] and [[Myanmar]]
+*''T. c. davisoni'': [[Andaman Islands]] and [[Cocos Islands]] (Indian Ocean)
-Todiramphus chloris humii		             NW India to Malay Pen., Thailand, Myanmar, Mergui Arch.
+*''T. c. occipitalis'': [[Nicobar Islands]]
+*''T. c. chloropterus'': Islands off western [[Sumatra]] (except Enggano)
-Todiramphus chloris armstrongi		S Thailand and Myanmar
+*''T. c. azelus'': Enggano Island (off south-western [Sumatra]])
+*''T. c. palmeri'': [[Java]], [[Bali]] and adjacent islands in Java Sea
-Todiramphus chloris chloropterus		Islands off w Sumatra (except Enggano)
+*''T. c. laubmannianus'': Southern [[Sumatra]], [[Borneo]] and adjacent islands
+*''T. c. collaris'': [[Philippines]], Sulu Archipelago and Palawan
-Todiramphus chloris azelus		             Enggano I. (off sw Sumatra)
+*''T. c. chloris'': [[Sulawesi]] to north-western [[New Guinea]] and [[Lesser Sundas]]
+*''T. c. teraokai'': Palau Islands (western Caroline Islands)
-Todiramphus chloris palmeri		             Java, Bali and adjacent islands in Java Sea
-Todiramphus chloris laubmannianus		S Sumatra, Borneo and adjacent islands
-Todiramphus chloris collaris		             Philippines, Sulu Archipelago and Palawan
-Todiramphus chloris chloris		             Sulawesi to nw New Guinea and Lesser Sundas
-Todiramphus chloris pilbara		             W Australia (Exmouth Gulf to mouth of Turner River)
-Todiramphus chloris sordidus		             S New Guinea, Aru Islands and coastal n Australia
-Todiramphus chloris colcloughi		Central Queensland coast to ne New South Wales
-Todiramphus chloris colonus		             Islands off se Papua New Guinea and Louisiade Archipelago
-Todiramphus chloris teraokai		             Palau Islands (w Caroline Islands)
-Todiramphus chloris owstoni		             N Mariana Islands (Asuncion, Pagan, Almagan and Agrihan)
-Todiramphus chloris albicilla		             S Mariana Islands (Saipan, Tinian and Aguiguan)
-Todiramphus chloris orii		             Rota I. (s Mariana Islands)
-Todiramphus chloris matthiae		St. Matthias Islands (Papua New Guinea)
-Todiramphus chloris stresemanni		Witu, Umboi and adjacent islands in Dampier Straits
-Todiramphus chloris nusae		             New Ireland (except sw), New Hanover and Feni Islands
-Todiramphus chloris novaehiberniae		New Ireland (Bismarck Archipelago)
-Todiramphus chloris bennetti		             Nissan I. (e Papua New Guinea)
-Todiramphus chloris tristrami		             New Britain (Bismarck Archipelago)
-Todiramphus chloris alberti		             Buka, Bougainville and Solomon Islands (east to Guadalcanal)
-Todiramphus chloris mala		             Malaita (e Solomon Islands)
-Todiramphus chloris sororum		             S Solomon Islands (Malaupaina and Malaulalo)
-Todiramphus chloris pavuvu		             Pavuvu I. (Russel Group in central Solomon Islands)
-Todiramphus chloris solomonis		Solomon Islands (Uki Ni Masi, San Cristóbal and Santa Anna)
-Todiramphus chloris amoenus		Solomon Islands (Rennell and Bellona)
-Todiramphus chloris brachyurus		Reef Islands (Fenualoa and Lomlon)
-Todiramphus chloris vicina		             Duff Group (e Solomon Islands)
-Todiramphus chloris ornatus		             E Solomon Islands (Santa Cruz and Tinakula)
-Todiramphus chloris utupuae		             Utupua I. (Santa Cruz Group in e Solomon Islands)
-Todiramphus chloris melanoderus		Vanikolo I. (Santa Cruz Group in e Solomon Islands)
-Todiramphus chloris torresianus		Torres Group (Toga, Loh and Hiu)
-Todiramphus chloris santoensis		Banks Group to Espíritu Santo and Malo (n Vanuatu)
-Todiramphus chloris juliae		             N and central Vanuatu (Maewo and Aoba islands to Efate)
-Todiramphus chloris erromangae		Erromango I. (s Vanuatu)
-Todiramphus chloris tannensis		Tanna I. (s Vanuatu)
-Todiramphus chloris vitiensis		             Fiji (Ngau, Ovalau, Koro, Viti Levu, Vanua Levu and Taveuni)
-Todiramphus chloris eximius		             Fiji (Kandavu, Ono and Vanua Kula)
-Todiramphus chloris marinus		             Lau Archipelago (e Fiji)
-Todiramphus chloris sacer		             Tonga
-Todiramphus chloris regina		             Futuna (Wallis and Futuna, central Polynesia)
-Todiramphus chloris pealei		             Tutuila I. (American Samoa)
-Todiramphus chloris manuae		             American Samoa (Ofu, Olosega and Tau)
 ==Habitat==
 Coastal areas,  mangrove swamps, farmland, open woodland, grassland and gardens.
 ==Behaviour==
+====Diet====
 The diet includes crabs, insects,  shrimps, frogs, worms, snails, lizards and small fish.
+====Breeding====
-It nests in holes.  2-7 round whitish eggs are laid and are incubated by both parents. The young fledge about 44 days after hatching.
+It nests in holes.  The clutch consists of 2-7 round whitish eggs which are incubated by both parents. The young fledge about 44 days after hatching.
 ==References==
-#{{Ref-Clements6thDec08}}
+#{{Ref-Clements6thAug15}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker15V5.4}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved October 2015)
+{{ref}}
 ==External Links==
-{{GSearch|Todiramphus+chloris}}
+{{GSearch|Kingfisher+chloris}}
-{{GSearch|Halcyon+chloris Use "Halcyon chloris" to }}
+<br />
-{{GSearch|Todirhamphus+chloris Use "Todirhamphus chloris" to }}
+{{Video|Collared_Kingfisher}}
 [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Todiramphus]]