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| − | [[Image:Com yellthrt.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Male, subspecies ''G. t. arizela''<br/>Photo by {{user|digishooter|digishooter}}<br/> | + | [[Image:Com yellthrt.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Male, subspecies ''G. t. arizela''<br/>Photo by {{user|digishooter|digishooter}}<br />[[Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve]], [[California]], [[USA]], March 2009]] |
;[[:Category:Geothlypis|Geothlypis]] trichas | ;[[:Category:Geothlypis|Geothlypis]] trichas | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>==== | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>==== | ||
| − | [[Image:Common yellowthroat2.jpg|thumb|350px| | + | [[Image:Common yellowthroat2.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Male, subspecies ''G. t. campicola''<br/>Photo by {{user|DarrenMcKenna|DarrenMcKenna}}<br />Murray Lake, [[Alberta]], [[Canada]], June 2009]] |
*''G. t. arizela'' - breeds coastal pacific from southeastern [[Alaska]] south to central coastal [[California]] | *''G. t. arizela'' - breeds coastal pacific from southeastern [[Alaska]] south to central coastal [[California]] | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
*''G. t. occidentalis'' - breeds from central [[Washington]] south to [[Nevada]] east to western [[Kansas]] and [[New Mexico]] | *''G. t. occidentalis'' - breeds from central [[Washington]] south to [[Nevada]] east to western [[Kansas]] and [[New Mexico]] | ||
*''G. t. scirpicola'' - breeds in southern [[California]], northern Baja California, southern [[Nevada]], and western [[Arizona]] | *''G. t. scirpicola'' - breeds in southern [[California]], northern Baja California, southern [[Nevada]], and western [[Arizona]] | ||
| − | *''G. t. sinuosa'' - breeds in | + | *''G. t. sinuosa'' - breeds in San Francisco bay region |
*''G. t. trichas'' - breeds throughout the east from western [[Ontario]] south to [[North Carolina]] and eastern [[Texas]] | *''G. t. trichas'' - breeds throughout the east from western [[Ontario]] south to [[North Carolina]] and eastern [[Texas]] | ||
*''G. t. typhicolai'' - breeds from central eastern [[Mississippi]] east to coastal Carolinas and [[Georgia]] | *''G. t. typhicolai'' - breeds from central eastern [[Mississippi]] east to coastal Carolinas and [[Georgia]] | ||
*''G. t. yukonicola'' - breeds in [[Yukon Territory]] and northern [[British Columbia]]<br /> | *''G. t. yukonicola'' - breeds in [[Yukon Territory]] and northern [[British Columbia]]<br /> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''yukonicola'' is not generally recognised. | ||
Hybridization occurred once with [[Mourning Warbler]]. | Hybridization occurred once with [[Mourning Warbler]]. | ||
| + | ==Habitat== | ||
[[Image:Yellowthroat2 sm.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo by {{user|bhowdy|bhowdy}}<br />Kyker Bottom Refuge, [[Tennessee]], USA, August 2008]] | [[Image:Yellowthroat2 sm.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo by {{user|bhowdy|bhowdy}}<br />Kyker Bottom Refuge, [[Tennessee]], USA, August 2008]] | ||
| − | |||
Moist thickets and grassy marshes, almost anywhere where it is damp or with water. | Moist thickets and grassy marshes, almost anywhere where it is damp or with water. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
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At the height of the breeding season, the males perform an attractive flight display, mounting into the air while uttering a jumble of high-pitched notes, then bouncing back into the grass while giving the usual song. To foil predators, parents drop down into the thick of the grasses or weeds, secretly approach their well-hidden nest, deliver the food, and depart by another route. | At the height of the breeding season, the males perform an attractive flight display, mounting into the air while uttering a jumble of high-pitched notes, then bouncing back into the grass while giving the usual song. To foil predators, parents drop down into the thick of the grasses or weeds, secretly approach their well-hidden nest, deliver the food, and depart by another route. | ||
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| − | Loud, fast ''witchity-witchity-witchity-witchity-wit'' or ''which-is-it, which-is-it, which-is-it''. Call a sharp ''chip''. | + | '''Song''': Loud, fast ''witchity-witchity-witchity-witchity-wit'' or ''which-is-it, which-is-it, which-is-it''.<br /> |
| + | '''Call''': a sharp ''chip''. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
# Dunn, Jon; Garrett, Kimball. 1997. ''A Field Guide to Warblers of North America''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 9780395783214 | # Dunn, Jon; Garrett, Kimball. 1997. ''A Field Guide to Warblers of North America''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 9780395783214 | ||
| − | # | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thDec10}}#e-Nature |
| − | #e-Nature | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Geothlypis+trichas}} | {{GSearch|Geothlypis+trichas}} | ||
| + | |||
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Geothlypis]] | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Geothlypis]] | ||
Revision as of 00:56, 21 March 2011
Male, subspecies G. t. arizela
Photo by digishooter
Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve, California, USA, March 2009
Photo by digishooter
Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve, California, USA, March 2009
- Geothlypis trichas
Identification
- 11-15 cm (5 ins)
- Upper parts Olive-brown
- Throat and upper breast bright yellow
- Male has bold black mask, bordered above with white.
- Females and young males lack the face mask, but retain yellow throat.
Distribution
Breeding Alaska, Ontario, and Newfoundland south throughout United States.
Winters in southern states and in tropics.
Accidental vagrant to Great Britain (5 records).
The bird is the northernmost member of a group of yellowthroat species that occurs as far south as Argentina.
Taxonomy
Subspecies1
- G. t. arizela - breeds coastal pacific from southeastern Alaska south to central coastal California
- G. t. campicola - breeds from British Columbia east to western Ontario south to Idaho east to Nebraska
- G. t. chapalensis - breeds in northwest Mexico
- G. t. chryseola - breeds se. Arizona to south New Mexico, west Texas and north west Mexico
- G. t. ignota - breeds in the Gulf Coast from eastern Louisiana east to whole state of Florida
- G. t. insperata - breeds in southern Texas (Rio Grande Valley south of Brownsville)
- G. t. melanops - breeds in central Mexico
- G. t. modesta - breeds in western Mexico
- G. t. occidentalis - breeds from central Washington south to Nevada east to western Kansas and New Mexico
- G. t. scirpicola - breeds in southern California, northern Baja California, southern Nevada, and western Arizona
- G. t. sinuosa - breeds in San Francisco bay region
- G. t. trichas - breeds throughout the east from western Ontario south to North Carolina and eastern Texas
- G. t. typhicolai - breeds from central eastern Mississippi east to coastal Carolinas and Georgia
- G. t. yukonicola - breeds in Yukon Territory and northern British Columbia
yukonicola is not generally recognised.
Hybridization occurred once with Mourning Warbler.
Habitat
Moist thickets and grassy marshes, almost anywhere where it is damp or with water.
Behaviour
Rather wren-like.
Breeding
Three to five white eggs, with brown and black spots, in a loose mass of grass, sedge, and bark, lined with rootlets, hair, and fine grass, and concealed on or near the ground in a dense clump of weeds or grass, in a marshy area.
At the height of the breeding season, the males perform an attractive flight display, mounting into the air while uttering a jumble of high-pitched notes, then bouncing back into the grass while giving the usual song. To foil predators, parents drop down into the thick of the grasses or weeds, secretly approach their well-hidden nest, deliver the food, and depart by another route.
Vocalisation
Song: Loud, fast witchity-witchity-witchity-witchity-wit or which-is-it, which-is-it, which-is-it.
Call: a sharp chip.
References
- Dunn, Jon; Garrett, Kimball. 1997. A Field Guide to Warblers of North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 9780395783214
- Clements, JF. 2010. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2010. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/Clements%206.5.xls/view
- e-Nature
