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| | '''Alternative name: Spotted Marsh-Harrier''' | | '''Alternative name: Spotted Marsh-Harrier''' |
| - | [[Image:Eastern_Marsh_Harrier.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|pohsp|Laurence Poh}}]] | + | [[Image:Eastern_Marsh_Harrier.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Photo by {{user|pohsp|Laurence Poh}}<br />December 2003]] |
| | ;[[:Category:Circus|Circus]] spilonotus | | ;[[:Category:Circus|Circus]] spilonotus |
| | '''Includes: Papuan Harrier''' | | '''Includes: Papuan Harrier''' |
| | ==Identification== | | ==Identification== |
| - | It is 48 to 58 cm long with a wingspan of 113 to 137 cm; like most birds of prey, the female is usually larger than the male. The male's plumage is variable; typically the head, breast, back and wing-coverts are blackish with pale streaks. The rest of the wing is grey with black wingtips and a white front edge. The tail is grey, the rump is white and the underparts are mostly white. The female is dark brown with buff streaking on the head and underparts. The rump is often whitish and the tail has dark bars. Young birds are dark brown with buff on the head and a pale patch on the underwing. | + | It is 48 to 58 cm long with a wingspan of 113 to 137 cm. Like most birds of prey, the female is usually larger than the male.<br /> |
| | + | The male's plumage is variable; typically the head, breast, back and wing-coverts are blackish with pale streaks. The rest of the wing is grey with black wingtips and a white front edge. The tail is grey, the rump is white and the underparts are mostly white. |
| | + | |
| | + | The female is dark brown with buff streaking on the head and underparts. The rump is often whitish and the tail has dark bars. |
| | + | |
| | + | Young birds are dark brown with buff on the head and a pale patch on the underwing. |
| | ==Distribution== | | ==Distribution== |
| - | Eastern [[Asia]]. Breeds in eastern [[Siberia]] to the Pacific caost and Sakhalin, in north-east [[India]], throughout [[China]] and in Hokkaido and Honshu in [[Japan]]. Also breeds in the [[Philippines]], [[Indonesia]] and western [[New Guinea]]. | + | [[Image:Eastern marsh harrier.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Male<br />Photo by {{user|scottishdude|scottishdude}}<br />Shenyang, [[China]], June 2008]] |
| | + | Eastern [[Asia]]. Breeds in eastern [[Siberia]] to the Pacific coast and Sakhalin, in north-east [[India]], throughout [[China]] and in Hokkaido and Honshu in [[Japan]]. Also breeds in the [[Philippines]], [[Indonesia]] and western [[New Guinea]]. |
| | Resident in southern [[China]] but a summer visitor to north of breeding range wintering from southern [[China]], [[Taiwan]] and Hainan south to [[Indonesia]]. | | Resident in southern [[China]] but a summer visitor to north of breeding range wintering from southern [[China]], [[Taiwan]] and Hainan south to [[Indonesia]]. |
| | ==Taxonomy== | | ==Taxonomy== |
| | Most authors recognize the split of Eastern Marsh Harrier and [[Western Marsh Harrier]] (including Clements, 2007; Howard & Moore, 2003; and Sibley & Monroe, 1996), though some treat ''spilonotus'' as a race of ''C. aeroginosus'', Marsh Harrier. | | Most authors recognize the split of Eastern Marsh Harrier and [[Western Marsh Harrier]] (including Clements, 2007; Howard & Moore, 2003; and Sibley & Monroe, 1996), though some treat ''spilonotus'' as a race of ''C. aeroginosus'', Marsh Harrier. |
| | ====Subspecies==== | | ====Subspecies==== |
| - | Nominate occurs over most of range with ''spilothorax'' in western New Guinea (sometimes split as Papuan Harrier). | + | There are 2 subsp<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: |
| | + | *''C. s. spilonotus'': |
| | + | :*East [[Asia]]; winters to south-eastern Asia, [[Philippines]] and [[Indonesia]] |
| | + | *''C. s. spilothorax'': (Papuan Harrier) |
| | + | :*Central and eastern [[New Guinea]] |
| | + | [[Image:10256IMG 5398-800x600.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Juvenile male<br />Photo by {{user|Romy+Ocon|Romy Ocon}}<br />Malasi Lake, Isabela Province, [[Philippines]], January 2007]] |
| | ==Habitat== | | ==Habitat== |
| - | Plains, paddyfields and swamps. | + | Plains, paddyfields and swamps. |
| | ==Behaviour== | | ==Behaviour== |
| - | While hunting it flies low over the ground with the wings held in a shallow V-shape. Its prey includes small mammals, birds and frogs. | + | ====Flight==== |
| - | | + | While hunting it flies low over the ground with the wings held in a shallow V-shape. |
| | + | ====Diet==== |
| | + | Its prey includes small mammals, birds and frogs. |
| | + | ====Breeding==== |
| | The breeding season begins in April. The nest is made of sticks and built on the ground, usually in a reedbed. Four to seven eggs are laid which are incubated for 33 to 48 days. The young birds fledge after 35 to 40 days. | | The breeding season begins in April. The nest is made of sticks and built on the ground, usually in a reedbed. Four to seven eggs are laid which are incubated for 33 to 48 days. The young birds fledge after 35 to 40 days. |
| | + | ==References== |
| | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}} |
| | + | {{ref}} |
| | ==External Links== | | ==External Links== |
| | {{GSearch|Circus+spilonotus}} | | {{GSearch|Circus+spilonotus}} |
| | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Circus]] | | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Circus]] |
It is 48 to 58 cm long with a wingspan of 113 to 137 cm. Like most birds of prey, the female is usually larger than the male.
The male's plumage is variable; typically the head, breast, back and wing-coverts are blackish with pale streaks. The rest of the wing is grey with black wingtips and a white front edge. The tail is grey, the rump is white and the underparts are mostly white.
The female is dark brown with buff streaking on the head and underparts. The rump is often whitish and the tail has dark bars.
Young birds are dark brown with buff on the head and a pale patch on the underwing.
Plains, paddyfields and swamps.
While hunting it flies low over the ground with the wings held in a shallow V-shape.
The breeding season begins in April. The nest is made of sticks and built on the ground, usually in a reedbed. Four to seven eggs are laid which are incubated for 33 to 48 days. The young birds fledge after 35 to 40 days.
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