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| | + | [[Image:Eastern_Meadowlark.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Martin+Creasser|Martin Creasser}}<br />[[Florida]]]] |
| | ;[[:Category:Sturnella|Sturnella]] magna | | ;[[:Category:Sturnella|Sturnella]] magna |
| - | [[Image:Eastern_Meadowlark.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by Martin Creasser<br>Photographed: Florida]] | + | '''Includes Lilian's Meadowlark''' |
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| | ==Identification== | | ==Identification== |
| | A medium-sized icterid. | | A medium-sized icterid. |
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| | *Head is striped with light brown and black | | *Head is striped with light brown and black |
| | ====Similar Species==== | | ====Similar Species==== |
| | + | [[Image:609-05608fg2 Eastern Meadowlark Taking Off.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}<br />[[Viera Wetlands]], [[Florida]], [[USA]], February 2009]] |
| | Very similar in appearance to the [[Western Meadowlark]], but the Eastern usually has white malar instead of yellow. They are best distinguished by song. | | Very similar in appearance to the [[Western Meadowlark]], but the Eastern usually has white malar instead of yellow. They are best distinguished by song. |
| - | | |
| | ==Distribution== | | ==Distribution== |
| | Across eastern [[North America]] to [[South America]]. The ranges of the Eastern and [[Western Meadowlark]]s overlap across the center of the continent. | | Across eastern [[North America]] to [[South America]]. The ranges of the Eastern and [[Western Meadowlark]]s overlap across the center of the continent. |
| | These birds are permanent residents throughout much of their range. Northern birds migrate to the southern parts of the range. | | These birds are permanent residents throughout much of their range. Northern birds migrate to the southern parts of the range. |
| | ==Taxonomy== | | ==Taxonomy== |
| - | The pale southwestern desert form, S. m. lilianae, was split by Sibley and Monroe as Lilian's Meadowlark. This split has not been accepted by subsequent authorities (AOU, Clements, Howard and Moore) but has been accepted in Handbook of Birds of the World<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>.<br /> | + | The pale southwestern desert form, S. m. lilianae, was split by Sibley and Monroe as Lilian's Meadowlark. This split has not been accepted by subsequent authorities (AOU, Clements, Howard and Moore) but has been accepted in Handbook of Birds of the World<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>. |
| - | Polytypic. Consists of 17 subspecies. | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| - | | + | This is a [[Dictionary_M-S#M|polytypic]] species consisting of 17 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> |
| | + | *''S. m. hippocrepis'': [[Cuba]] and Isle of Pines |
| | + | *''S. m. magna'': Southern [[Ontario]] east to [[Quebec]] and south to northern [[Texas]] and north-eastern [[:Category:Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] |
| | + | *''S. m. argutula'': South-east [[Kansas]] and [[Oklahoma]] to eastern [[US]] ([[Carolinas]] to [[Florida]]) |
| | + | *''S. m. hoopesi'': South Texas (Eagle Pass) to north Coahuila, Nuevo Le¢n and northern Tamaulipas |
| | + | *''S. m. auropectoralis'': [[Mexico]] (Durango and Sinaloa to Michoacan, Mexico and north Puebla) |
| | + | *''S. m. saundersi'': South Mexico (Oaxaca) |
| | + | *''S. m. alticola'': Highlands of southern Mexico (Guerrero, southern Puebla, Veracruz) to [[Costa Rica]] |
| | + | *''S. m. mexicana'': [[Caribbean]] slope of south-eastern Mexico (Veracruz and Tabasco to Chiapas) |
| | + | *''S. m. griscomi'': South-eastern Mexico (arid coastal northern Yucatan Peninsula) |
| | + | *''S. m. inexpectata'': Pine savanna of [[Belize]], Pet‚n of [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]] |
| | + | *''S. m. subulata'': Pacific slope of [[Panama]] |
| | + | *''S. m. meridionalis'': Eastern Andes of [[Colombia]] to Andes of north-western [[Venezuela]] |
| | + | *''S. m. paralios'': Northern Colombia and savannas of western Venezuela |
| | + | *''S. m. monticola'': Tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Roraima) |
| | + | *''S. m. praticola'': Llanos of eastern Colombia to southern Venezuela and northern [[Guyana]] |
| | + | *''S. m. quinta'': [[Suriname]] and north-eastern Amazonian [[Brazil]] |
| | + | *''S. m. lilianae'', '''Lilian's Meadowlark''': Northern [[Arizona]] to eastern [[New Mexico]], south-western [[Texas]], southern Sonora and north-western Chihuahua |
| | ==Habitat== | | ==Habitat== |
| | Their breeding habitat is grasslands and prairie, also pastures and hay fields. | | Their breeding habitat is grasslands and prairie, also pastures and hay fields. |
| - | | |
| | ==Behaviour== | | ==Behaviour== |
| - | These birds forage on the ground or in low vegetation, sometimes probing with its bill. They mainly eat insects, but also seeds and berries. In winter, they often feed in flocks. The nest is on the ground, covered with a roof woven from grasses. There may be more than one nesting female in a male's territory. | + | These birds forage on the ground or in low vegetation, sometimes probing with its bill. |
| | + | ====Diet==== |
| | + | They mainly eat insects, but also seeds and berries. In winter, they often feed in flocks. |
| | + | ====Breeding==== |
| | + | The nest is on the ground, covered with a roof woven from grasses. There may be more than one nesting female in a male's territory. |
| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}}#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=214575 Birdforum thread] discussing new splits in HBW16 | | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}}#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=214575 Birdforum thread] discussing new splits in HBW16 |
The pale southwestern desert form, S. m. lilianae, was split by Sibley and Monroe as Lilian's Meadowlark. This split has not been accepted by subsequent authorities (AOU, Clements, Howard and Moore) but has been accepted in Handbook of Birds of the World[2].
These birds forage on the ground or in low vegetation, sometimes probing with its bill.
They mainly eat insects, but also seeds and berries. In winter, they often feed in flocks.
The nest is on the ground, covered with a roof woven from grasses. There may be more than one nesting female in a male's territory.
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