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Eastern Nicator
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| | + | [[Image:IMG 1456 - Eastern Nicator - R Wienand 1 .jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|safariranger|safariranger}}<br />Satara Camp, [[Kruger National Park]], [[South Africa]], June 2008]] |
| | ;[[:Category:Nicator|Nicator]] gularis | | ;[[:Category:Nicator|Nicator]] gularis |
| - | [[Image:Eastern20Nicator201.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by Steve G]] | |
| - | | |
| | ==Identification== | | ==Identification== |
| | These long-tailed, heavy billed, olive-grey birds have conspicuous and unique large yellow spots on the wing coverts. | | These long-tailed, heavy billed, olive-grey birds have conspicuous and unique large yellow spots on the wing coverts. |
| | | | |
| | ==Distribution== | | ==Distribution== |
| | + | [[Image:2008 05 03 10 46 29 4801.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Immature in begging pose<br />Photo by {{user|Alan+Manson|Alan Manson}}<br />Mkhuze Game Reserve, [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa]], May 2008]] |
| | Eastern coastal forests of [[Africa]] from southern [[Somalia]] to eastern [[South Africa]], extending inland to riparian forest, dense woodland and sand forest in [[South Africa]], [[Swaziland]], [[Mozambique]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Zambia]], [[Malawi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]], and [[Somalia]]. | | Eastern coastal forests of [[Africa]] from southern [[Somalia]] to eastern [[South Africa]], extending inland to riparian forest, dense woodland and sand forest in [[South Africa]], [[Swaziland]], [[Mozambique]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Zambia]], [[Malawi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]], and [[Somalia]]. |
| | ==Taxonomy== | | ==Taxonomy== |
| | There remains some argument about the grouping of the ''Nicator'' genus with some authorities (Clements, 2007) placing it with the Bulbuls ([[:Category:Pycnonotidae|Pycnonotidae]]) whereas others group it with the Bush-shrikes ([[:Category:Malaconotidae|Malaconotidae]]). Beresford ''et al''. (2005) found that molecular evidence shows that ''Nicator'' is not closely related to either group, and they suggest that the three species are best placed in their own family. | | There remains some argument about the grouping of the ''Nicator'' genus with some authorities (Clements, 2007) placing it with the Bulbuls ([[:Category:Pycnonotidae|Pycnonotidae]]) whereas others group it with the Bush-shrikes ([[:Category:Malaconotidae|Malaconotidae]]). Beresford ''et al''. (2005) found that molecular evidence shows that ''Nicator'' is not closely related to either group, and they suggest that the three species are best placed in their own family. |
| | | | |
| - | The species is monotypic. | + | This is a [[Dictionary_M-S#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. |
| | ==Habitat== | | ==Habitat== |
| | Dense coastal forest, larger riparian woodlands, sand forest, dense woodland and scrub. | | Dense coastal forest, larger riparian woodlands, sand forest, dense woodland and scrub. |
| | ==Behaviour== | | ==Behaviour== |
| - | Despite being fairly common it is secretive and shy, foraging in densely tangled undergrowth or lower branches. It is, however, highly vocal, singing from concealed perches; it is a species which frequently mimics other forest species. | + | Despite being fairly common it is secretive and shy, foraging in densely tangled undergrowth or lower branches. |
| - | | + | ====Diet==== |
| | Food is mainly insects taken in the canopy, in low vegetation and on the ground. Like the [[Fork-tailed Drongo]], it will follow large mammals, feeding on flushed insects; also known to glean ticks from Warthog, Nyala, Impala, Zebra and Red Duiker. | | Food is mainly insects taken in the canopy, in low vegetation and on the ground. Like the [[Fork-tailed Drongo]], it will follow large mammals, feeding on flushed insects; also known to glean ticks from Warthog, Nyala, Impala, Zebra and Red Duiker. |
| - | | + | ====Breeding==== |
| - | '''Breeding''': Monogamous and territorial. The nest is a platform of stalks, tendrils and twigs with a shallow cup; it is not woven like the nest of a Bulbul. It is usually well-concealed, and about one metre above the ground. Two to three eggs are laid November to January. | + | Monogamous and territorial. The nest is a platform of stalks, tendrils and twigs with a shallow cup; it is not woven like the nest of a Bulbul. It is usually well-concealed, and about one metre above the ground. Two to three eggs are laid November to January. |
| | + | ====Vocalisation==== |
| | + | It is highly vocal, singing from concealed perches; it is a species which frequently mimics other forest species. |
| | + | ==Gallery== |
| | + | <gallery> |
| | + | Image:Eastern20Nicator201.jpg|Photo by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}}<br /> |
| | + | Click on image to see larger version |
| | + | </gallery> |
| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| - | Beresford P, Barker FK, Ryan PG & Crowe TM. 2005. African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): molecular systematics of several evolutionary ‘enigmas’. Proc. R. Soc. B 272, 849–858. | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}}#Beresford P, Barker FK, Ryan PG & Crowe TM. 2005. African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): molecular systematics of several evolutionary ‘enigmas’. Proc. R. Soc. B 272, 849–858. |
| - | | + | #{{Ref-Hockeyetal05}}#{{Ref-SinclairRyan03}} |
| - | Hockey PAR, Dean WRJ & Ryan PG (eds) 2005. ''Robert's Birds of Southern Africa'', 7th edition. John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town, South Africa. ISBN 0620340533 | + | {{ref}} |
| - | | + | |
| - | Sinclair I & Ryan P. 2003. ''Birds of Africa south of the Sahara''. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0620207299 | + | |
| | ==External Links== | | ==External Links== |
| | {{GSearch|Nicator+gularis}} | | {{GSearch|Nicator+gularis}} |
| | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Nicator]] | | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Nicator]] |
Current revision
- Nicator gularis
[edit] Identification
These long-tailed, heavy billed, olive-grey birds have conspicuous and unique large yellow spots on the wing coverts.
[edit] Distribution
Eastern coastal forests of Africa from southern Somalia to eastern South Africa, extending inland to riparian forest, dense woodland and sand forest in South Africa, Swaziland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, and Somalia.
[edit] Taxonomy
There remains some argument about the grouping of the Nicator genus with some authorities (Clements, 2007) placing it with the Bulbuls (Pycnonotidae) whereas others group it with the Bush-shrikes (Malaconotidae). Beresford et al. (2005) found that molecular evidence shows that Nicator is not closely related to either group, and they suggest that the three species are best placed in their own family.
This is a monotypic species[1].
[edit] Habitat
Dense coastal forest, larger riparian woodlands, sand forest, dense woodland and scrub.
[edit] Behaviour
Despite being fairly common it is secretive and shy, foraging in densely tangled undergrowth or lower branches.
Food is mainly insects taken in the canopy, in low vegetation and on the ground. Like the Fork-tailed Drongo, it will follow large mammals, feeding on flushed insects; also known to glean ticks from Warthog, Nyala, Impala, Zebra and Red Duiker.
[edit] Breeding
Monogamous and territorial. The nest is a platform of stalks, tendrils and twigs with a shallow cup; it is not woven like the nest of a Bulbul. It is usually well-concealed, and about one metre above the ground. Two to three eggs are laid November to January.
[edit] Vocalisation
It is highly vocal, singing from concealed perches; it is a species which frequently mimics other forest species.
[edit] Gallery
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Click on image to see larger version
|
[edit] References
- Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
- Beresford P, Barker FK, Ryan PG & Crowe TM. 2005. African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): molecular systematics of several evolutionary ‘enigmas’. Proc. R. Soc. B 272, 849–858.
- Hockey, PAR, WRJ Dean, and PG Ryan, eds. 2005. Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa. 7th ed. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. ISBN 978-0620340533
- Sinclair, I and P Ryan. 2003. Birds of Africa South of the Sahara. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0691118154
[edit] External Links
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