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'''Alternative names: Black-throated Cuckooshrike; Indian Cuckooshrike''' | '''Alternative names: Black-throated Cuckooshrike; Indian Cuckooshrike''' | ||
| − | [[Image:Large_Cuckooshrike.jpg|thumb| | + | [[Image:Large_Cuckooshrike.jpg|thumb|450px|right|nominate male<br />Photo by {{user|atanumondal|atanumondal}}<br/>[[India]]]] |
;[[:Category:Coracina|Coracina]] macei | ;[[:Category:Coracina|Coracina]] macei | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | 23-30 cm. A very large Cuckooshrike with a massive, hooked bill. | + | 23-30 cm (9-11¾ in). A very large Cuckooshrike with a massive, hooked bill. |
* Grey upperparts with pale-winged appearance | * Grey upperparts with pale-winged appearance | ||
* Blackish lores and mask | * Blackish lores and mask | ||
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* White belly with narrow grey bars | * White belly with narrow grey bars | ||
* Unbarred white vent | * Unbarred white vent | ||
| + | Females with a paler mask and a white, barred throat and breast.<br /> | ||
| + | Juveniles are brownish, heavily scaled whitish-buff and more mottled on underparts. | ||
| + | ====Variations==== | ||
[[Image:Large Cuckooshrike 18 3 2007 tansa.jpg|thumb|350px|right|nominate female<br />Photo by {{user|coolbrat|coolbrat}}<br/>Tansa Bird Sanctuary, [[India]], March 2007]] | [[Image:Large Cuckooshrike 18 3 2007 tansa.jpg|thumb|350px|right|nominate female<br />Photo by {{user|coolbrat|coolbrat}}<br/>Tansa Bird Sanctuary, [[India]], March 2007]] | ||
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The different subspecies differ mainly in size, overall colour and barring of underparts: | The different subspecies differ mainly in size, overall colour and barring of underparts: | ||
* ''nipalensis'' is the darkest subspecies and the largest; males are unbarred below, females weakly barred | * ''nipalensis'' is the darkest subspecies and the largest; males are unbarred below, females weakly barred | ||
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* ''rexpineti'' is also similar but darker on throat and head | * ''rexpineti'' is also similar but darker on throat and head | ||
* ''larvivora'' similar to ''rexpineti'' but with shorter wings and more robust bill | * ''larvivora'' similar to ''rexpineti'' but with shorter wings and more robust bill | ||
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
South east [[Asia]]: [[India]]n Subcontinent east to [[Burma]], southern [[China]], [[Taiwan]] and south to [[Thailand]], [[Indochina]] and northern peninsular [[Malaysia]].<br /> | South east [[Asia]]: [[India]]n Subcontinent east to [[Burma]], southern [[China]], [[Taiwan]] and south to [[Thailand]], [[Indochina]] and northern peninsular [[Malaysia]].<br /> | ||
Rare in [[Pakistan]], uncommon in Bhutan but common to fairly common in rest of its range. | Rare in [[Pakistan]], uncommon in Bhutan but common to fairly common in rest of its range. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | [[Image:43317Malaysian Cuckoo-Shrike.jpg|thumb|350px|right|ssp ''larutensis''<br />Photo by {{user|kctsang|kctsang}}<br/>[[Fraser's Hill]], [[Malaysia]], July 2006]] | ||
| + | Forms a superspecies with [[Black-faced Cuckooshrike]], [[South Melanesian Cuckooshrike]], [[North Melanesian Cuckooshrike]], [[Buru Cuckooshrike]], [[Moluccan Cuckooshrike]], [[Wallacean Cuckooshrike]], [[Slaty Cuckooshrike]] and [[Javan Cuckooshrike]]. All these species have been considered [[Dictionary_A-C#C|conspecific]] in the past. | ||
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
Eight subspecies recognized: | Eight subspecies recognized: | ||
* ''C. m. macei'' in [[India]] south of the [[Himalayas]] | * ''C. m. macei'' in [[India]] south of the [[Himalayas]] | ||
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All subspecies except the nominate or, alternatively, only ''larutensis'' are sometimes placed in [[Javan Cuckooshrike]]. Further research is needed to determine exact relationship.<br /> | All subspecies except the nominate or, alternatively, only ''larutensis'' are sometimes placed in [[Javan Cuckooshrike]]. Further research is needed to determine exact relationship.<br /> | ||
''layardi'' may represent a separate species as it differs in calls and morphology.<br /> | ''layardi'' may represent a separate species as it differs in calls and morphology.<br /> | ||
| − | + | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Found in open woodland and secondary forest. Also scrub, groves, edges of clearings, plantations, savanna, cultivated areas with some trees and gardens.<br /> | Found in open woodland and secondary forest. Also scrub, groves, edges of clearings, plantations, savanna, cultivated areas with some trees and gardens.<br /> | ||
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Local movements in peninsular [[India]] recorded. Descends to lower altitudes in the [[Himalayas]] in winter. | Local movements in peninsular [[India]] recorded. Descends to lower altitudes in the [[Himalayas]] in winter. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved July 2014) |
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Coracina+macei}} | {{GSearch|Coracina+macei}} | ||
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Coracina]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Coracina]] | ||
Revision as of 20:05, 12 December 2016
Alternative names: Black-throated Cuckooshrike; Indian Cuckooshrike
- Coracina macei
Identification
23-30 cm (9-11¾ in). A very large Cuckooshrike with a massive, hooked bill.
- Grey upperparts with pale-winged appearance
- Blackish lores and mask
- Grey throat and breast
- White belly with narrow grey bars
- Unbarred white vent
Females with a paler mask and a white, barred throat and breast.
Juveniles are brownish, heavily scaled whitish-buff and more mottled on underparts.
Variations
The different subspecies differ mainly in size, overall colour and barring of underparts:
- nipalensis is the darkest subspecies and the largest; males are unbarred below, females weakly barred
- layardi similar to nominate but smaller with short wings
- andaman is paler with less black on head, males unbarred below, females weakly barred
- siamensis males are unbarred below, females are weakly barred
- larutensis is similar to siamensis but darker grey
- rexpineti is also similar but darker on throat and head
- larvivora similar to rexpineti but with shorter wings and more robust bill
Distribution
South east Asia: Indian Subcontinent east to Burma, southern China, Taiwan and south to Thailand, Indochina and northern peninsular Malaysia.
Rare in Pakistan, uncommon in Bhutan but common to fairly common in rest of its range.
Taxonomy
Forms a superspecies with Black-faced Cuckooshrike, South Melanesian Cuckooshrike, North Melanesian Cuckooshrike, Buru Cuckooshrike, Moluccan Cuckooshrike, Wallacean Cuckooshrike, Slaty Cuckooshrike and Javan Cuckooshrike. All these species have been considered conspecific in the past.
Subspecies
Eight subspecies recognized:
- C. m. macei in India south of the Himalayas
- C. m. nipalensis in the lower Himalayas of India, Nepal and east to western Assam
- C. m. rexpineti from southeast China to northern Laos and Taiwan
- C. m. layardi in Sri Lanka
- C. m. andamana on the Andaman Islands
- C. m. siamensis from southeast China to Burma, peninsular Thailand and southern Indochina
- C. m. larutensis in northern peninsular Malaysia
- C. m. larvivora on Hainan (southern China)
All subspecies except the nominate or, alternatively, only larutensis are sometimes placed in Javan Cuckooshrike. Further research is needed to determine exact relationship.
layardi may represent a separate species as it differs in calls and morphology.
Habitat
Found in open woodland and secondary forest. Also scrub, groves, edges of clearings, plantations, savanna, cultivated areas with some trees and gardens.
From lowland to foothills, occurs up to 2400 m.
Behaviour
Usually seen singly, in pairs or in loose groups.
Diet
Feeds on large insects and their larvae. Takes also berries and fruits.
Forages mainly in the canopy of large trees but sometimes lower down in bushes or even on the ground. Searches methodically for insects, hopping and flying from branch to branch.
Breeding
Breeding season differs through range. The nest is a shallow, flimsy saucer made of twigs and grass. It's placed up to 18 m above the ground in the fork of a horizontal branch in a tree. Lays 2-3 eggs.
Movements
Local movements in peninsular India recorded. Descends to lower altitudes in the Himalayas in winter.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016, with updates to August 2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved July 2014)
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Large Cuckooshrike. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 20 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Large_Cuckooshrike
