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| - | [[Image:Laughing_Gull.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Michael+W|Michael Woodruff}}<br /> Brownsville Sanitary Landfill, South [[Texas]], USA]] | + | [[Image:Laughing_Gull.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Michael+W|Michael Woodruff}}<br /> Brownsville Sanitary Landfill, South [[Texas]], [[USA]], April 2004]] |
| - | ;[[:Category:Larus|Larus]] atricilla | + | ;[[:Category:Leucophaeus|Leucophaeus]] atricilla |
| | + | ''Larus atricilla'' |
| | ==Identification== | | ==Identification== |
| | L. 36-41 cm<br/> | | L. 36-41 cm<br/> |
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| | [[Franklin's Gull]] is a slightly smaller dark-backed hooded gull with larger white primary tips (even in juvenal plumage), much less extensive black in wingtips when flying, broader eye-arcs, and smaller thinner bill. Juvenile Franklin's have whitish neck (instead of gray). | | [[Franklin's Gull]] is a slightly smaller dark-backed hooded gull with larger white primary tips (even in juvenal plumage), much less extensive black in wingtips when flying, broader eye-arcs, and smaller thinner bill. Juvenile Franklin's have whitish neck (instead of gray). |
| | ==Distribution== | | ==Distribution== |
| - | [[Image:Laughing_Gull_nonbreeding.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Nonbreeding plumage<br />Photo by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}<br />Fort DeSoto Park, [[Florida]], USA]] | + | [[Image:Laughing_Gull_nonbreeding.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Nonbreeding plumage<br />Photo by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}<br />Fort DeSoto Park, [[Florida]], [[USA]], September 2008]] |
| | Year-round resident on eastern and southern coastline of the [[U.S.]] from [[Maine]] to the southern tip of [[Texas]]. <br /> '''Winters''' in [[Mexico]].<br /> | | Year-round resident on eastern and southern coastline of the [[U.S.]] from [[Maine]] to the southern tip of [[Texas]]. <br /> '''Winters''' in [[Mexico]].<br /> |
| | Rare away from east coast and south coast of the U.S. but with records in almost every state. <br /> | | Rare away from east coast and south coast of the U.S. but with records in almost every state. <br /> |
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| | Vagrant to [[Europe]] with several records annually in the [[UK]]. | | Vagrant to [[Europe]] with several records annually in the [[UK]]. |
| | ==Taxonomy== | | ==Taxonomy== |
| - | Polytypic. Consists of two subspecies. | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| - | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>==== | + | This is a [[Dictionary_M-S#M|polytypic]] species consisting of two subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: |
| | *''L. a. megalopterus'': | | *''L. a. megalopterus'': |
| | :*South-eastern [[California]] to western [[Mexico]]; [[Maine]] to Central America; winters to [[Peru]] | | :*South-eastern [[California]] to western [[Mexico]]; [[Maine]] to Central America; winters to [[Peru]] |
| | *''L. a. atricilla'': | | *''L. a. atricilla'': |
| | :*[[West Indies]] to [[Trinidad]]; winters to northern [[Brazil]] | | :*[[West Indies]] to [[Trinidad]]; winters to northern [[Brazil]] |
| | + | Some authorites place it in the genus [[:Category:Larus|Larus]]. |
| | <gallery> | | <gallery> |
| | Image:608-08898fg Immature Laughing Gull.jpg|<br />Juvenile <br />Photo by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}<br />[[Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge]], Delaware, [[USA]], August 2008 | | Image:608-08898fg Immature Laughing Gull.jpg|<br />Juvenile <br />Photo by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}<br />[[Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge]], Delaware, [[USA]], August 2008 |
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| | ====Breeding==== | | ====Breeding==== |
| | A large nest is built of grass and placed on the ground. 3-4 greenish eggs are laid and incubated for about 21 days. | | A large nest is built of grass and placed on the ground. 3-4 greenish eggs are laid and incubated for about 21 days. |
| | + | ====Vocalisation==== |
| | + | A laugh-like ''ha, ha, ha, ha''. Also a yelp similar to [[Common Gull|Common's]] ''kee-agh'' |
| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| - | #{{Ref-Clements6thDec08}} | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}} |
| | + | #Collins Field Guide 5th Edition |
| | + | #Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6 |
| | {{ref}} | | {{ref}} |
| | ==External Links== | | ==External Links== |
| - | {{GSearch|Larus+atricilla}} | + | {{GSearch|Gull+atricilla}} |
| - | *[http://www.orientalbirdimages.org/birdimages.php?action=birdspecies&Bird_ID=2713&Bird_Image_ID=916&Bird_Family_ID=104 View more images of this species on Orientalbirdimages] | + | <br /> |
| - | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Larus]] | + | {{Video|Laughing_Gull}} |
| | + | |
| | + | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Larus]][[Category:Videos]] [[Category:Leucophaeus]] |
Revision as of 21:14, 20 September 2011
- Leucophaeus atricilla
Larus atricilla
Identification
L. 36-41 cm
W. 98-110 cm
One of two North American dark-backed hooded gulls.
Field marks include dark almost slate colored back, small white primary tips, large bill, narrow eye-arcs, and extensive hood (in breeding plumage).
Nonbreeding has limited remnants of hood and black bill.
Juveniles have totally black primary tips, gray neck, and black bill.
Similar species
Bonaparte's Gull is smaller with much lighter gray back, smaller black bill (in all plumages), and with almost no white on primary tips.
Black-headed Gull is slightly larger with much lighter gray back, less extensive hood, and with mostly no white to primary tips.
Franklin's Gull is a slightly smaller dark-backed hooded gull with larger white primary tips (even in juvenal plumage), much less extensive black in wingtips when flying, broader eye-arcs, and smaller thinner bill. Juvenile Franklin's have whitish neck (instead of gray).
Distribution
Year-round resident on eastern and southern coastline of the U.S. from Maine to the southern tip of Texas.
Winters in Mexico.
Rare away from east coast and south coast of the U.S. but with records in almost every state.
Vagrant to Europe with several records annually in the UK.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
This is a polytypic species consisting of two subspecies[1]:
-
-
Some authorites place it in the genus Larus.
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Second Summer Photo by bobsofpaFort Island Trail Beach, Crystal River, Florida, USA, August 2007 |
Habitat
Coastal islands, saltmarshes and sand-dunes.
Behaviour
Often gathers in large flocks in beachfront areas on lawns, park areas, parking lots, etc.
Diet
Omnivorous - diet includes fish, insects, carrion, mollusks, eggs, worms, young birds, etc. Collects food by foraging on beaches and shallows; does not submerge in search of food like some other shorebirds.
They are scavengers as well as hunting small prey.
Breeding
A large nest is built of grass and placed on the ground. 3-4 greenish eggs are laid and incubated for about 21 days.
Vocalisation
A laugh-like ha, ha, ha, ha. Also a yelp similar to Common's kee-agh
References
- Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
- Collins Field Guide 5th Edition
- Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
External Links
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