(typo in photo caption) |
(taxonomy, potential split) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[Image:Lesser Elainia Mata Ahogado PanamaSJ.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />Panama Province, [[Panama]], March 2013]] | [[Image:Lesser Elainia Mata Ahogado PanamaSJ.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />Panama Province, [[Panama]], March 2013]] | ||
;[[:Category:Elaenia|Elaenia]] chiriquensis | ;[[:Category:Elaenia|Elaenia]] chiriquensis | ||
| + | '''Includes Coopmans's Elaenia''' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
Most Lesser Elaenias are identified by voice. Lesser Elaenia is easily confused since it has no obvious fieldmark. | Most Lesser Elaenias are identified by voice. Lesser Elaenia is easily confused since it has no obvious fieldmark. | ||
| Line 14: | Line 15: | ||
:*North-western [[Costa Rica]] to [[Panama]]; Coiba, Cébaco and Pearl islands | :*North-western [[Costa Rica]] to [[Panama]]; Coiba, Cébaco and Pearl islands | ||
*''E. c. brachyptera'': | *''E. c. brachyptera'': | ||
| − | :*Pacific slope of south-western [[Colombia]] (Nariño) and north-western [[Ecuador]] | + | :*Pacific slope of south-western [[Colombia]] (Nariño) and north-western [[Ecuador]] - split as Coopmans's Elaenia by Gill and Donsker<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> |
*''E. c. albivertex'': | *''E. c. albivertex'': | ||
:*[[Colombia]] to the [[Guianas]], [[Brazil]] and northern [[Argentina]]; winters to [[Trinidad]] | :*[[Colombia]] to the [[Guianas]], [[Brazil]] and northern [[Argentina]]; winters to [[Trinidad]] | ||
| Line 24: | Line 25: | ||
Foraging is often happening at mid to high levels of bushes. | Foraging is often happening at mid to high levels of bushes. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug15}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker16V6.2}}#Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156 |
#Morton & Stutchbury (2001): Behavioral Ecology of Tropical Birds. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-675556-6 | #Morton & Stutchbury (2001): Behavioral Ecology of Tropical Birds. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-675556-6 | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
Revision as of 17:28, 22 April 2016
- Elaenia chiriquensis
Includes Coopmans's Elaenia
Identification
Most Lesser Elaenias are identified by voice. Lesser Elaenia is easily confused since it has no obvious fieldmark.
It is slightly crested and sometimes shows a white crown. It has a narrow white eye-ring and 2 whitish wing-bars.
Distribution
It is distributed from Costa Rica through Panama to tropical South America but seems to be absent from the Pacific coast, the north-east of Brazil and much of south-western Amazonia.
Taxonomy
Subspecies[1]
There are 3 subspecies:
- E. c. chiriquensis:
- North-western Costa Rica to Panama; Coiba, Cébaco and Pearl islands
- E. c. brachyptera:
- E. c. albivertex:
Habitat
It is found in open grassy areas but also sometimes in open woodlands or attached to bushes in open areas.
Behaviour
It is a seasonal migrant which disappears from Central American areas and the southern end of its range, but timing and extent of movements are poorly understood.
Diet
Foraging is often happening at mid to high levels of bushes.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2015. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2015, with updates to August 2015. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2016. IOC World Bird Names (version 6.2). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
- Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156
- Morton & Stutchbury (2001): Behavioral Ecology of Tropical Birds. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-675556-6
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Lesser Elaenia. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 25 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Lesser_Elaenia
External Links
