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Difference between revisions of "Little Bittern" - BirdForum Opus

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[[Image:Little_Bittern.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Steve+G|Steve Garvie}} <br />Location: [[S'Albufera es Grau (S'Albufera des Grao)|S'Albufera de Mallorca]]]]
 
[[Image:Little_Bittern.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Steve+G|Steve Garvie}} <br />Location: [[S'Albufera es Grau (S'Albufera des Grao)|S'Albufera de Mallorca]]]]
 
;[[:Category:Ixobrychus|Ixobrychus]] minutus
 
;[[:Category:Ixobrychus|Ixobrychus]] minutus
−
'''Includes:  Australian Bittern'''
 
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
27-36 cm in length, 40-58 cm wingspan and 60-150 g weight.<br />
 
27-36 cm in length, 40-58 cm wingspan and 60-150 g weight.<br />
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'''Northern Africa''': [[Morocco]], [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], [[Libya]], [[Egypt]]<br />
 
'''Northern Africa''': [[Morocco]], [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], [[Libya]], [[Egypt]]<br />
 
'''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegal]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Congo]], [[Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Angola]]<br />
 
'''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegal]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Congo]], [[Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Angola]]<br />
−
[[Image:Black-backed_Bittern.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''dubius''<br />Photo by {{user|Tom+Tarrant|Tom Tarrant}}<br />Brisbane, [[Australia]]]]
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[[Image:Bird23.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|Bonnan|Bonnán}}<br />Ayia Reservoir, [[Crete]], October 2008]]
 
'''Eastern Africa''': [[Sudan]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Djibouti]], [[Somalia]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Zambia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]<br />
 
'''Eastern Africa''': [[Sudan]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Djibouti]], [[Somalia]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Zambia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]<br />
 
'''Southern Africa''': [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Lesotho]], [[Swaziland]]<br />
 
'''Southern Africa''': [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Lesotho]], [[Swaziland]]<br />
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'''Middle East''': [[Turkey]], [[Cyprus]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Yemen]], [[Oman]], [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Qatar]], [[Bahrain]], [[Kuwait]], [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia]]<br />
 
'''Middle East''': [[Turkey]], [[Cyprus]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Yemen]], [[Oman]], [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Qatar]], [[Bahrain]], [[Kuwait]], [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia]]<br />
 
'''Asia''':  [[Russia]], [[Siberia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Mongolia]], [[China]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]], [[India]], Eastern and Western [[Himalayas]]<br />
 
'''Asia''':  [[Russia]], [[Siberia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Mongolia]], [[China]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]], [[India]], Eastern and Western [[Himalayas]]<br />
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'''Australasia''':  [[Papua New Guinea]], [[New Guinea]], [[Australia]], [[New South Wales]], [[Queensland]], [[South Australia]], [[Victoria]], [[Western Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[New Caledonia]] <br />
 
 
'''The [[Caribbean]]''': vagrant to [[Barbados]]<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>.
 
'''The [[Caribbean]]''': vagrant to [[Barbados]]<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>.
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
−
[[Image:Bird23.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|Bonnan|Bonnán}}<br />Ayia Reservoir, [[Crete]], October 2008]]
+
There are three subspecies
−
There are four subspecies
 
 
====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>====
 
====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>====
 
*''I. m. minutus'':
 
*''I. m. minutus'':
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*''I. m. podiceps'':
 
*''I. m. podiceps'':
 
:*[[Madagascar]]
 
:*[[Madagascar]]
−
*''I. m. dubius'':
+
[[Black-backed Bittern]] was split from this species.
−
:*South-western and eastern [[Australia]] and [[New Guinea]]
 
−
 
 
−
Some authorities have considered the Australian Little Bittern a subspecies of [[Black-backed Bittern]], but it is currently considered a subspecies of [[Little Bittern]] by most authorities.  
 
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
 
Reedbeds
 
Reedbeds

Revision as of 19:16, 10 January 2011

Photo by Steve Garvie
Location: S'Albufera de Mallorca
Ixobrychus minutus

Identification

27-36 cm in length, 40-58 cm wingspan and 60-150 g weight.
Buff underparts, black back and crown, wings are black with a large white patch on each wing.
The female has a browner back and a buff-brown wing patch.

Distribution

Female
Photo by john-henry
Lesvos, Greece, May 2004

Africa, central and southern Europe, western and southern Asia, and Australasia.
Europe: Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Faroe Islands, The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Portugal, Madeira, Spain, Ibiza, Mallorca, Canary Islands, Monaco, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria, Italy, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Crete, Corfu, Malta, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine
Northern Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt
Western Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola

Photo by Bonnán
Ayia Reservoir, Crete, October 2008

Eastern Africa: Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi
Southern Africa: Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Swaziland
African Islands: Cape Verde, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Sao Tome, Principe, Madagascar
Middle East: Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
Asia: Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China, Nepal, Pakistan, India, Eastern and Western Himalayas
The Caribbean: vagrant to Barbados[3].

Taxonomy

There are three subspecies

Subspecies[1]

  • I. m. minutus:
  • I. m. payesii:
  • I. m. podiceps:

Black-backed Bittern was split from this species.

Habitat

Reedbeds

Behaviour

Breeding

It nests on platforms of reeds in shrubs, and 4-8 eggs are laid.

Diet

Diet includes insects, fish and amphibians.

Vocalisation

<flashmp3>Ixobrychus minutus (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program

References

  1. Clements, JF. 2008. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2008. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
  2. Avibase
  3. 51st supplement to the AOU checklist of North American birds

Recommended Citation

External Links


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