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Difference between revisions of "Osprey" - BirdForum Opus

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;''Pandion haliaetus''
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[[Image:Osprey.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|richard+bledsoe|richard bledsoe}}<br />Lake Murray, La Mesa, [[California]], [[USA]]]]
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[[Image:Osprey.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Photo by richard bledsoe
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;[[: Category:Pandion|Pandion]] haliaetus
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Photographed: Lake Murray, La Mesa, California, USA.]]
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==Identification==
 +
A medium-large eagle-like raptor, length 55-58 cm (21¾-22¾ in), wingspan 145-170 cm, weight ♂ 1.1-1.7 kg, ♀ 1.4-2.0 kg (nominate ''P. h. haliaetus'')
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*Long, slender wings
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*Dark brown above
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*White with patterning below
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*Rather prominant nape crest
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*Dark eye-stripe
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*Beak is dark
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*Eyes yellow
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*Talons sharp, with spine-like scales on toes for holding slippery prey.
  
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==Appearance==
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==Distribution==
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Very large raptor, nearly eagle-sized. Wingspan reaches up to 72 inches.  
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[[Image:Osprey29.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|targetman|targetman }}<br />[[Lincolnshire]]]]
  
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Long, slender wings compared to body. Noticeably emarginated primaries at teh wing ends, sometimes pulled together, making the wing appear pointed. Soars and glides with a "kink" in its wings.
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[[North America]], [[Central America]], [[South America]], [[Africa]], [[Eurasia]] and [[Australasia]]. Except for breeding in Australasia, this species breeds in the northern hemisphere and migrates south in winter. See Subspecies, below, for detail.
  
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Dark brown above, white with patterning below. Has a rather prominant nape crest. Dark eye-stripe is distinctive and noticeable, giving the bird a masked appearance. Beak is dark, eyes yellow. Talons sharp, with scutes for holding slippery prey.
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==Taxonomy==
 +
====Subspecies====
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Four<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> to six subspecies are recognised.
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*''P. h. haliaetus'' breeds in the [[Palearctic]]
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::A widespread breeding summer visitor to much of [[Scandinavia]] and [[Russia]], [[Belarus]] and [[Ukraine]]. Smaller isolated pockets of range in [[Scotland]], [[Germany]], [[Poland]] and the [[Baltic States]]. There are also small resident populations further south on the Atlantic coast of southern [[Portugal]], on the Mediterranean coast of [[Spain]], the [[Balearics]] and on [[Corsica]]. Increasing in Scotland since its recolonisation in the 1950s and now breeding in the south, and the first breeding in [[England]] for centuries has taken place. One pair bred in [[Cumbria]] in 2001 and a reintroduction scheme using birds translocated from Scotland led to successful breeding at [[Rutland Water]]. Also in 2002 nest-building occurred for the first time in the [[Netherlands]].
  
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Male has a cleaner breast with less streaking than on the female. Dark carpal patch, barred tail.
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::Occurs as a widespread migrant throughout [[Europe]] with peak passage periods in April-May and August-September. Migrants do not concentrate at particular sites to cross seas as many other raptors do. Most winter in sub-saharan Africa but some in the western Mediterranean, in particular on [[Sardinia]], [[Sicily]] and North-West [[Africa]], also at the head of the Red Sea and in southern [[Iraq]]. Vagrants recorded north to [[Ireland]], [[Iceland]] and [[Faroes]], also on the [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]]. A widespread breeder across northern [[Asia]] from the Urals east to Kamchatka, Sakhlain and [[Japan]]. Also breeds in the [[Middle East]] mainly on islands in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.  
  
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Juveniles have pale edgings to their feathers, give them a scaled appearance. Young birds also sport a buffy breast for a time, and have orange eyes.
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::A widepread and common winter visitor to [[Africa]] from the [[Palearctic]], most numerous in West Africa but also occurs east to [[Somalia]] and south to the Cape. Breeding range in Africa is restricted the Mediterranean coast of [[Morocco]] and western [[Algeria]] and the Red Sea and has bred on rare occasions in southern [[Africa]]. However, it does breed on the [[Canary Islands]] and [[Cape Verde Islands]] in the Atlantic. Asian birds winter in in [[India]] and southeast [[Asia]] from southern [[China]], [[Taiwan]], Hainan and the [[Philippines]] south to [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]].
  
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==Range==
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*''P. h. carolinensis'' with paler breast-band in [[North America]]
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North, Central and South America, Africa, Eurasia and Australasia.  
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::Breeds from western [[Alaska]] and across much of non-Arctic [[Canada]], and in the [[USA]] over much of the north-west as far as southern [[California]]. In the east breeds around the Great Lakes, on the east coast south to [[Florida]] and west along the Gulf Coast to [[Mississippi]]. Also breeds coastally in [[Mexico]] in [[Baja California]], Sonora, Sinaloa. A summer visitor which winters from Mexico, the [[West Indies]] and in [[South America]] south to central [[Chile]] in the west and [[Uruguay]] in the east.  
  
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===North America===
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*''P. h. ridgwayi'' in the [[Caribbean]] with whiter head and breast
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Breeds from western Alaska and across much of non-Arctic Canada, and in the USA over much of the north-west as far as southern California. In the east breeds around the Great Lakes, on the east coast south to Florida and west along the Gulf Coast to Mississippi. Also breeds coastally in Mexico in Baja California, Sonora, Sinaloa and also on the east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula and in adjacent Belize. Elsewhere in the Caribbean breeds in the Bahamas and on Cuba.
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::Breeds in [[Florida]], eastern [[Mexico]] on the east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula and in adjacent [[Belize]], and the [[Caribbean]] in the [[Bahamas]] and [[Cuba]]; resident. The Osprey does not breed in [[South America]].
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Birds breeding in Florida, Mexico and the Caribbean are resident but further north this is a summer visitor which winters from Mexico, the West Indies and in South America south to central Chile in the west and Uruguay in the east. The Osprey does not breed in South America.  
 
  
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===Africa===
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*''P. h. cristatus'' (syn. ''P. h. leucocephalus '') from [[Indonesia]] and [[Australasia]]; treated as a separate species ''P. cristatus'' by some authorities
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A widepread and common winter visitor to Africa from the Palearctic, most numerous in West Africa but also occurs east to Somalia and south to the Cape. Breeding range in Africa is restricted the Mediterranean coast of Morocco and western Algeria and the Red Sea and has bred on rare occasions in southern Africa. However, it does breed on the Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands in the Atlantic.
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::Australasian breeders are resident and occur from [[Sulawesi]] and the [[Lesser Sundas]] to [[New Guinea]], the [[Bismarck Archipelago]], [[Solomon Islands]] and [[New Caledonia]]. In [[Australia]] breeds on much of the western and northern coasts and in the east on the coral islands of the Great Barrier Reef. Now rare on the south coast but still breeds in the Spencer Gulf and Adelaide areas.
  
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===Europe===
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::Birds from the [[Philippines]] to northern [[Australia]] are sometimes separated as ''P. h. melvillensis'' and those from [[New Caledonia]] as ''P. h. microhaliaetus'' but these races are usually included in ''P. h. cristatus''.
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A widespread summer visitor to much of Scandinavia and Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Smaller isolated pockets of range in Scotland, Germany, Poland and the Baltic States. There are also small resident populations further south on the Atlantic coast of southern Portugal, on the Mediterranean coast of Spain, the Balearics and on Corsica. Increasing in Scotland since its recolonisation in the 1950s and now breeding in the south, and the first breeding in England for centuries has  taken place. One pair bred in Cumbria in 2001 and a reintroduction scheme using birds translocated from Scotland led to successful breeding at Rutland Water. Also in 2002 nest-building occurred for the first time in the Netherlands.  
 
  
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Occurs as a widespread migrant throughout Europe with peak passage periods in April-May and August-September. Migrants do not concentrate at particular sites to cross seas as many other raptors do. Most winter in sub-Saharan Africa but some in the western Mediterranean, in particular on Sardinia, Sicily and North-West Africa, also at the head of the Red Sea and in southern Iraq. Vagrants recorded north to Ireland, Iceland and Faroes, also on the Azores and Madeira.  
+
The main subspecies have in the past been seen as full species, and there are some DNA data that support that view. The most widely followed split is between Australasian birds (as ''P. cristatus'') and the rest; names that have been used for the split species are Eastern Osprey for ''P. cristatus'', and Western Osprey for the rest<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>.
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===Asia===
 
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A widespread breeder across northern Asia from the Urals east to Kamchatka, Sakhlain and Japan. Also breeds in the Middle East mainly on islands in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Northern birds also winter in these areas and in India and South-East Asian from southern China, Taiwan, Hainan and the Philippines south to Sumatra and Borneo.
 
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===Australasia===
 
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Australasian breeders are resident and occur from Sulawesi and the Lesser Sundas to New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands and New Caledonia. In Australia breeds on much of the western and northern coasts and in the east on the coral islands of the Great Barrier Reef. Now rare on the south coast but still breeds in the Spencer Gulf and Adelaide areas.  
 
  
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
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Closely tied to water at all seasons. In the north nests in trees close to medium-large freshwater lakes. In Mexico, the Mediterranean, Middle East and elsewhere nests on rocky islets and cliffs and hunts over the sea. Nests on the ground on some Red Sea islands. Strictly coastal in many areas although will follow large rivers inland in Australia. On passage frequently seen at reservoirs, fish-ponds and estuaries, along sea-coasts and larger rivers.
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Closely tied to water at all seasons.  
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==Behaviour==
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==Subspecies==
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Among the characteristic behaviors, the one where it hovers over for example a clearwater lake and then splashes in so that the entire bird seems to disappear may be the most spectacular. Quite often, it will come up again carrying a fish, its main food.  
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Four - six subspecies are recognised. Nominate race breeds in the [[Palearctic]], ''carolinensis'' with paler breast-band in [[North America]], ''ridgwayi'' in the [[Caribbean]] with whiter head and breast; and the smaller ''cristatus'' from [[Australasia]]. Birds from the [[Philippines]] to northern Australia are sometimes separated as ''melvillensis'' and those from [[New Caledonia]] as ''microhaliaetus'' but these races are not universally recognised.
 
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==Sightings==
 
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===Osprey Sighting in Devon===
 
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I watched an Osprey take a fish close to the west bank of the river Dart above Dittisham on 10 september 2006 while sailing from Dartmouth to Totnes at 16.30 - a facinating and unusual sight as I hadn't heard that the bird range this far south west.
 
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''Originally posted by '''nre001'''''
 
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===Ospreys breeding in Cumbria===
 
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There has up to now been one breeding pair in Cumbria. The same pair each year. No ring and XS.
 
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However there are plenty of 'spare ospreys hanging around so there is hope this may increase.
 
  
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''Originally posted by '''Osprey_watcher'''''
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====Vocalisation====
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==Bird Song==
 
 
<flashmp3>Pandion haliaetus (song).mp3</flashmp3><br />
 
<flashmp3>Pandion haliaetus (song).mp3</flashmp3><br />
 
''[[Media:Pandion haliaetus (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]''
 
''[[Media:Pandion haliaetus (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]''
 +
==References==
 +
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Birdforum discussion [http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=140585 thread] on Osprey Taxonomy
 +
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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*[http://www.birdforum.net/pp_gallery/showgallery.php?mcats=all&si=Pandion%20haliaetus&what=allfields&name=&when=&whenterm= View more images of Osprey in the gallery]
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{{GSearch|Pandion+haliaetus}}
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*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNczf3GJObs BBC footage set to music (!) on Youtube]
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<br />
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*[http://www.aviceda.org/abid/birdimages.php?action=birdspecies&fid=42&bid=556 View more images of this species on the ABID]
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{{Video|Osprey}}
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[[Category:Birds]]
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[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Pandion]][[Category:Bird Songs]][[Category:Videos]]

Revision as of 19:22, 12 August 2016

Photo by richard bledsoe
Lake Murray, La Mesa, California, USA
Pandion haliaetus

Identification

A medium-large eagle-like raptor, length 55-58 cm (21¾-22¾ in), wingspan 145-170 cm, weight ♂ 1.1-1.7 kg, ♀ 1.4-2.0 kg (nominate P. h. haliaetus)

  • Long, slender wings
  • Dark brown above
  • White with patterning below
  • Rather prominant nape crest
  • Dark eye-stripe
  • Beak is dark
  • Eyes yellow
  • Talons sharp, with spine-like scales on toes for holding slippery prey.

Distribution

Photo by targetman
Lincolnshire

North America, Central America, South America, Africa, Eurasia and Australasia. Except for breeding in Australasia, this species breeds in the northern hemisphere and migrates south in winter. See Subspecies, below, for detail.

Taxonomy

Subspecies

Four[1] to six subspecies are recognised.

A widespread breeding summer visitor to much of Scandinavia and Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Smaller isolated pockets of range in Scotland, Germany, Poland and the Baltic States. There are also small resident populations further south on the Atlantic coast of southern Portugal, on the Mediterranean coast of Spain, the Balearics and on Corsica. Increasing in Scotland since its recolonisation in the 1950s and now breeding in the south, and the first breeding in England for centuries has taken place. One pair bred in Cumbria in 2001 and a reintroduction scheme using birds translocated from Scotland led to successful breeding at Rutland Water. Also in 2002 nest-building occurred for the first time in the Netherlands.
Occurs as a widespread migrant throughout Europe with peak passage periods in April-May and August-September. Migrants do not concentrate at particular sites to cross seas as many other raptors do. Most winter in sub-saharan Africa but some in the western Mediterranean, in particular on Sardinia, Sicily and North-West Africa, also at the head of the Red Sea and in southern Iraq. Vagrants recorded north to Ireland, Iceland and Faroes, also on the Azores and Madeira. A widespread breeder across northern Asia from the Urals east to Kamchatka, Sakhlain and Japan. Also breeds in the Middle East mainly on islands in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.
A widepread and common winter visitor to Africa from the Palearctic, most numerous in West Africa but also occurs east to Somalia and south to the Cape. Breeding range in Africa is restricted the Mediterranean coast of Morocco and western Algeria and the Red Sea and has bred on rare occasions in southern Africa. However, it does breed on the Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands in the Atlantic. Asian birds winter in in India and southeast Asia from southern China, Taiwan, Hainan and the Philippines south to Sumatra and Borneo.
Breeds from western Alaska and across much of non-Arctic Canada, and in the USA over much of the north-west as far as southern California. In the east breeds around the Great Lakes, on the east coast south to Florida and west along the Gulf Coast to Mississippi. Also breeds coastally in Mexico in Baja California, Sonora, Sinaloa. A summer visitor which winters from Mexico, the West Indies and in South America south to central Chile in the west and Uruguay in the east.
  • P. h. ridgwayi in the Caribbean with whiter head and breast
Breeds in Florida, eastern Mexico on the east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula and in adjacent Belize, and the Caribbean in the Bahamas and Cuba; resident. The Osprey does not breed in South America.
  • P. h. cristatus (syn. P. h. leucocephalus ) from Indonesia and Australasia; treated as a separate species P. cristatus by some authorities
Australasian breeders are resident and occur from Sulawesi and the Lesser Sundas to New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands and New Caledonia. In Australia breeds on much of the western and northern coasts and in the east on the coral islands of the Great Barrier Reef. Now rare on the south coast but still breeds in the Spencer Gulf and Adelaide areas.
Birds from the Philippines to northern Australia are sometimes separated as P. h. melvillensis and those from New Caledonia as P. h. microhaliaetus but these races are usually included in P. h. cristatus.

The main subspecies have in the past been seen as full species, and there are some DNA data that support that view. The most widely followed split is between Australasian birds (as P. cristatus) and the rest; names that have been used for the split species are Eastern Osprey for P. cristatus, and Western Osprey for the rest[1].

Habitat

Closely tied to water at all seasons.

Behaviour

Among the characteristic behaviors, the one where it hovers over for example a clearwater lake and then splashes in so that the entire bird seems to disappear may be the most spectacular. Quite often, it will come up again carrying a fish, its main food.

Vocalisation

<flashmp3>Pandion haliaetus (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016, with updates to August 2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Birdforum discussion thread on Osprey Taxonomy

Recommended Citation

External Links


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