(video added) |
(Picture of female switched for clearer image. Taxonomy expanded. References updated) |
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| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:Pg1.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Male<br />Photo by {{user|gymell|gymell }}<br />Sax Zim Bog, [[Minnesota]], February 2008]] |
;[[:Category:Pinicola|Pinicola]] enucleator | ;[[:Category:Pinicola|Pinicola]] enucleator | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | 18·5–25·5 cm | |
*Large, conical bill | *Large, conical bill | ||
*Long, forked tail | *Long, forked tail | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
*Legs and feet are dark brown or black<br /> | *Legs and feet are dark brown or black<br /> | ||
'''Adult Females''' | '''Adult Females''' | ||
| + | [[Image:In Need of Etiquette.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|CurtMorgan|CurtMorgan}}<br />Glens Falls, [[New York]], December 2012]] | ||
*Lack any pink | *Lack any pink | ||
*Grey above with a variably orange or yellow-brown head, nape, and face | *Grey above with a variably orange or yellow-brown head, nape, and face | ||
| Line 24: | Line 25: | ||
Northern boreal [[Europe]], [[Russia]], and [[North America]]. | Northern boreal [[Europe]], [[Russia]], and [[North America]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | [[ | + | Recent results indicate that the birds in Europe and North America are diverged enough to be different species<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>. |
| − | Eleven subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| + | Eleven subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
| + | *''P. e. enucleator'': Northern [[Scandinavia]] to [[Russia]] and western [[Siberia]] (Yenisey River) | ||
| + | *''P. e. pacata'': Siberia (east of Yenisey Rier) to Altai Mountains, [[Mongolia]] and Manchuria | ||
| + | *''P. e. kamtschatkensis'': Western Siberia (Anadyr River) to Kamchatka Peninsula | ||
| + | *''P. e. sakhalinensis'': Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and high mountains of Hokkaido | ||
| + | *''P. e. alascensis'': North-western [[Alaska]] to north-western Mackenzie and north-eastern [[British Columbia]]; winters to north-western [[US]] | ||
| + | *''P. e. flammula'': Southern Alaska to north-western British Columbia; winters to north-western [[US]] | ||
| + | *''P. e. carlottae'': Islands and coasts from Queen Charlotte Islands to Vancouver Island | ||
| + | *''P. e. montana'': Interior central British Columbia to Rocky Mountains of south-western US | ||
| + | *''P. e. californica'': Sierra Nevada Mountains (eastern [[California]]) | ||
| + | *''P. e. leucura'': Central and eastern [[Canada]]; winters to north-eastern US | ||
| + | *''P. e. eschatosa '': Central [[Quebec]] and [[Newfoundland]] to [[New England]] states | ||
| + | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Coniferous woods, pond and stream edges, and the edges of open fields and marshes. | Coniferous woods, pond and stream edges, and the edges of open fields and marshes. | ||
| Line 31: | Line 45: | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
Includes the buds of many trees, including maple, birch, apple, mountain ash, poplar, and willow and the fruits of crab apple, bittersweet, barberry, and mountain ash, and the seeds of birch, pine, and spruce trees. Also grass and weed seeds and various insects. | Includes the buds of many trees, including maple, birch, apple, mountain ash, poplar, and willow and the fruits of crab apple, bittersweet, barberry, and mountain ash, and the seeds of birch, pine, and spruce trees. Also grass and weed seeds and various insects. | ||
| − | ==== | + | ====Vocalisations==== |
| − | Similar to Purple Finch's song, but it varies more in pitch and has more distinct, less-slurred notes. | + | Similar to [[Purple Finch]]'s song, but it varies more in pitch and has more distinct, less-slurred notes. |
<flashmp3>Pinicola enucleator (song).mp3</flashmp3><br /> | <flashmp3>Pinicola enucleator (song).mp3</flashmp3><br /> | ||
''[[Media:Pinicola enucleator (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]'' | ''[[Media:Pinicola enucleator (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]'' | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | # | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug14}}#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=129151 Thread] in Taxonomy forum discussing recent results relevant to taxonomy of Pine Grosbeak (from post 5 onwards) |
| − | # [http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=129151 Thread] in Taxonomy forum discussing recent results relevant to taxonomy of Pine Grosbeak (from post 5 onwards) | + | #BirdSource |
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Pinicola+enucleator}} | {{GSearch|Pinicola+enucleator}} | ||
Revision as of 16:38, 24 November 2014
- Pinicola enucleator
Identification
18·5–25·5 cm
- Large, conical bill
- Long, forked tail
Adult Males
- Deep rose red on the head, face, rump, and underparts
- Back and scapulars pink mottled with black
- Wings and tail black -the wings with two distinct white wing bars
- White edges on the tertial feathers
- Lower belly is whitish
- Thighs, undertail coverts, and flanks, to some extent, are grey
- Legs and feet are dark brown or black
Adult Females
- Lack any pink
- Grey above with a variably orange or yellow-brown head, nape, and face
- Lores and cheeks are greyish
- Chin, throat, and breast are light grey
- Yellowish tints on the lower throat and breast
- Wings and tail are dark brown and show two wing bars
- Flight feathers have white edges
Distribution
Northern boreal Europe, Russia, and North America.
Taxonomy
Recent results indicate that the birds in Europe and North America are diverged enough to be different species[2].
Subspecies
Eleven subspecies are recognized[1]:
- P. e. enucleator: Northern Scandinavia to Russia and western Siberia (Yenisey River)
- P. e. pacata: Siberia (east of Yenisey Rier) to Altai Mountains, Mongolia and Manchuria
- P. e. kamtschatkensis: Western Siberia (Anadyr River) to Kamchatka Peninsula
- P. e. sakhalinensis: Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and high mountains of Hokkaido
- P. e. alascensis: North-western Alaska to north-western Mackenzie and north-eastern British Columbia; winters to north-western US
- P. e. flammula: Southern Alaska to north-western British Columbia; winters to north-western US
- P. e. carlottae: Islands and coasts from Queen Charlotte Islands to Vancouver Island
- P. e. montana: Interior central British Columbia to Rocky Mountains of south-western US
- P. e. californica: Sierra Nevada Mountains (eastern California)
- P. e. leucura: Central and eastern Canada; winters to north-eastern US
- P. e. eschatosa : Central Quebec and Newfoundland to New England states
Habitat
Coniferous woods, pond and stream edges, and the edges of open fields and marshes.
Behaviour
Diet
Includes the buds of many trees, including maple, birch, apple, mountain ash, poplar, and willow and the fruits of crab apple, bittersweet, barberry, and mountain ash, and the seeds of birch, pine, and spruce trees. Also grass and weed seeds and various insects.
Vocalisations
Similar to Purple Finch's song, but it varies more in pitch and has more distinct, less-slurred notes.
<flashmp3>Pinicola enucleator (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2014. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9., with updates to August 2014. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Thread in Taxonomy forum discussing recent results relevant to taxonomy of Pine Grosbeak (from post 5 onwards)
- BirdSource
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Pine Grosbeak. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 24 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Pine_Grosbeak
External Links
