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Difference between revisions of "Red-shouldered Hawk" - BirdForum Opus

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(Imp size. Juvenile flight image. References updated)
(Flight picture added. Gallery started. References updated)
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[[Image:Buteo lineatus texanus by Stanley Jones.jpg|thumb|550px|right|''B. l. texanus'', adult<br />Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />Camelot Park, Bryan, Brazos County, [[Texas]], [[USA]], September 2014]]
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[[Image:Buteo lineatus texanus by Stanley Jones.jpg|thumb|450px|right|''B. l. texanus'', adult<br />Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />Camelot Park, Bryan, Brazos County, [[Texas]], [[USA]], September 2014]]
 
;[[:Category:Buteo|Buteo]] lineatus
 
;[[:Category:Buteo|Buteo]] lineatus
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
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*In flight, distinctive translucent crescent near tips of primaries
 
*In flight, distinctive translucent crescent near tips of primaries
 
*Very vocal compared to most other raptors
 
*Very vocal compared to most other raptors
−
*Juveniles lack the reddish shoulders and have vertical streaking on the breast. The tail has buff, not white bars. There is some variation in the different subspecies.
+
*Juveniles lack the reddish shoulders and have vertical streaking on the breast. The tail has buff, not white bars.  
 +
====Variations====
 +
[[Image:Buteo lineatus elegans by digishooter.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''B. l. elegans'', adult<br/>Photo by {{user|digishooter|digishooter}}<br/>Wofford Heights, Kern Co., [[California]], [[USA]], January 2008]]
 +
The subspecies differ in color intensity, with ''B. l. extimus'' the palest, and ''B. l. elegans'' the most richly orange; also slight differences in size though this is not useful in the field.
  
 +
There is less plumage variation between the juveniles of the different subspecies.
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
 
Eastern [[North America]] and along the coast of [[California]] and northern [[Mexico]].
 
Eastern [[North America]] and along the coast of [[California]] and northern [[Mexico]].
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
 
====Subspecies====
 
====Subspecies====
−
[[Image:Buteo lineatus elegans by digishooter.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''B. l. elegans'', adult<br/>Photo by {{user|digishooter|digishooter}}<br/>Wofford Heights, Kern Co., [[California]], [[USA]], January 2008]]
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[[Image:Red-shd hawk im.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile <br />Photo by {{user|HelenB|HelenB}}<br />SE [[Texas]], [[USA]], Dec 2008]]
 
Five subspecies are accepted<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
 
Five subspecies are accepted<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
 
*''B. l. lineatus'':
 
*''B. l. lineatus'':
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*''B. l. texanus'':
 
*''B. l. texanus'':
 
:*Southern [[Texas]] and far north-eastern [[Mexico]]
 
:*Southern [[Texas]] and far north-eastern [[Mexico]]
−
 
−
The subspecies differ in color intensity, with ''B. l. extimus'' the palest, and ''B. l. elegans'' the most richly orange; also slight differences in size though this is not useful in the field. There is less plumage variation between the juveniles of the different subspecies.
 
  
 
The California subspecies ''B. l. elegans'' is well separated from the rest of the species' range, and has been suggested as a potential species split, though none of the major authorities have accepted this.
 
The California subspecies ''B. l. elegans'' is well separated from the rest of the species' range, and has been suggested as a potential species split, though none of the major authorities have accepted this.
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
−
[[Image:Red-shd hawk im.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile <br />Photo by {{user|HelenB|HelenB}}<br />SE [[Texas]], [[USA]], Dec 2008]]
 
 
Deciduous and mixed wooded areas, often near water.  Quite common in suburban subdivisions with trees, water features and golf courses. Observed at heights around 94m.
 
Deciduous and mixed wooded areas, often near water.  Quite common in suburban subdivisions with trees, water features and golf courses. Observed at heights around 94m.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
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Includes  voles, mice and chipmunks, amphibians, reptiles (especially small snakes), small birds and large insects. They usually hunt from a perch.
 
Includes  voles, mice and chipmunks, amphibians, reptiles (especially small snakes), small birds and large insects. They usually hunt from a perch.
 
====Vocalisation====
 
====Vocalisation====
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[[Image:Red-shouldered Hawk juvenile .jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />Camelot Park, Bryan, Brazos County, [[Texas]], [[USA]], June 2016]]
 
 
'''Call''': Loud, strident repeated cries: ''keeah, keeah, keeah''.  
 
'''Call''': Loud, strident repeated cries: ''keeah, keeah, keeah''.  
 +
==Gallery==
 +
Click on photo for larger image
 +
<gallery>
 +
Image:Red-shouldered Hawk juvenile .jpg|Juvenile<br />Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />Camelot Park, Bryan, Brazos County, [[Texas]], [[USA]], June 2016
 +
Image:36837320286 053bd7e6df o.jpg|Subspecies ''lineatus''<br />Photo by {{user|Kadawe|Kadawe}}<br />Marshfield, [[Massachusetts]], September 2017
 +
</gallery>
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug15}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved July 2016)
+
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved July 2016)
 
#BF Member observations
 
#BF Member observations
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
 +
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
 
{{GSearch|Buteo+lineatus}}  
 
{{GSearch|Buteo+lineatus}}  

Revision as of 19:30, 4 September 2017

B. l. texanus, adult
Photo by Stanley Jones
Camelot Park, Bryan, Brazos County, Texas, USA, September 2014
Buteo lineatus

Identification

B. l. extimus, adult
Photo by tetoneon
Naples, Florida, USA, January 2014

38–47 cm (15-18½ in); females larger

  • Brown head
  • Red chest
  • Pale belly with reddish bars
  • Narrow tail marked with narrow white bars
  • Red "shoulder" is visible when the bird is perched
  • Upper parts dark with pale spots
  • Long yellow legs
  • In flight, distinctive translucent crescent near tips of primaries
  • Very vocal compared to most other raptors
  • Juveniles lack the reddish shoulders and have vertical streaking on the breast. The tail has buff, not white bars.

Variations

B. l. elegans, adult
Photo by digishooter
Wofford Heights, Kern Co., California, USA, January 2008

The subspecies differ in color intensity, with B. l. extimus the palest, and B. l. elegans the most richly orange; also slight differences in size though this is not useful in the field.

There is less plumage variation between the juveniles of the different subspecies.

Distribution

Eastern North America and along the coast of California and northern Mexico.

Taxonomy

Subspecies

Juvenile
Photo by HelenB
SE Texas, USA, Dec 2008

Five subspecies are accepted[1]:

  • B. l. lineatus:
  • South-eastern Canada, north-eastern and central eastern USA
  • B. l. alleni:
  • South-eastern USA (except southern Florida)
  • B. l. extimus:
  • B. l. elegans:
  • B. l. texanus:

The California subspecies B. l. elegans is well separated from the rest of the species' range, and has been suggested as a potential species split, though none of the major authorities have accepted this.

Habitat

Deciduous and mixed wooded areas, often near water. Quite common in suburban subdivisions with trees, water features and golf courses. Observed at heights around 94m.

Behaviour

Breeding

A stick nest is built in a major fork of a large tree and 3 to 4 blotchy marked eggs are laid. They are incubated for 28 to 33 days. The young leave the nest at about six weeks of age, but remain dependent on the parents until they are 17 to 19 weeks old.

Diet

Includes voles, mice and chipmunks, amphibians, reptiles (especially small snakes), small birds and large insects. They usually hunt from a perch.

Vocalisation

Call: Loud, strident repeated cries: keeah, keeah, keeah.

Gallery

Click on photo for larger image

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved July 2016)
  3. BF Member observations

Recommended Citation

External Links


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