From Opus

Photo by mikemik
Mindo, Ecuador, November 2008

Amazilia tzacatl

Identification

10-12 cm

• Green throat (edged whitish in the female)
• Crown, back and flanks are green with golden tints
• Pale grey belly
• Rufous vent and rump
• Rufous, slightly forked tail, with a dusky tip
• Black-tipped red bill is almost straight

Distribution

Central America: Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
South America: Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru

Taxonomy

Female
Photo by obasanmi
Sierra Llorona, Panama, March 2008

Subspecies^[1]

Five subspecies are recognized:

• A. t. tzacatl:

• Eastern Mexico (southern Tamaulipas) to central Panama

• A. t. fuscicaudata:

• Northern and western Colombia to western Venezuela

• A. t. brehmi:

• Colombia (Nariño)

• A. t. jucunda:

• South-western Colombia and western Ecuador; Isla Gorgona (off western Colombia)

• A. t. handleyi (Escudo):

• Isla Escudo de Veraguas (off Caribbean coast of north-western Panama)

The last of these is sometimes considered a full species Escudo Hummingbird (Amazilia handleyi); this is larger and darker than mainland birds.

Photo by steveblain

Habitat

Tropical dry and rain forest, degraded subtropical montane forest up to 1850 m, open country, river banks, woodland, scrub, forest edge, coffee plantations and gardens .

Behaviour

Sometimes engages in extreme fights.

Breeding

The female builds a compact cup nest from plant-fibre and dead leaves 1-6 m high on a thin horizontal twig. The 2 white eggs are incubated solely by the female for 15-19 days, and fledging after 20-26.

Diet

The diet includes nectar, taken from a variety of flowers, and it also takes small insects.

References

1. Clements, JF. 2008. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2008. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
2. Avibase
3. Wikipedia
4. BF Member observations
5. Birdforum photo with description of fighting behavior

• List of references

External Links

A thread with more information on the Escudo video