m (→Taxonomy) |
(Video link. References updated) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| + | '''Alternative names: Cinnamon Sparrow; Cinnamon Tree Sparrow; Ruddy Sparrow''' | ||
[[Image:Russet Sparrow 8.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Male subspecies ''cinnamomeus'' <br />Photo by {{user|peterday|peterday}}<br /> [[Bhutan]], 8 April 2010]] | [[Image:Russet Sparrow 8.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Male subspecies ''cinnamomeus'' <br />Photo by {{user|peterday|peterday}}<br /> [[Bhutan]], 8 April 2010]] | ||
| − | + | ||
;[[: Category:Passer|Passer]] rutilans | ;[[: Category:Passer|Passer]] rutilans | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | 14 - 15cm | + | 14 - 15cm (5½-6 in) |
====Male==== | ====Male==== | ||
* Bright cinnamon-brown or russet top of head to hindneck and upperparts, heavily streaked black on mantle | * Bright cinnamon-brown or russet top of head to hindneck and upperparts, heavily streaked black on mantle | ||
| Line 26: | Line 27: | ||
Common in the western parts of its range, rare in the east, rare and declining in [[Taiwan]]. | Common in the western parts of its range, rare in the east, rare and declining in [[Taiwan]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | Has been considered to form a superspecies or to be conspecific with [[Somali Sparrow]]. | ||
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
Three subspecies recognized: | Three subspecies recognized: | ||
* ''P. r. rutilans'' in north-central and east [[China]], [[Korea]], [[Taiwan]], southern Sakhalin and [[Japan]] | * ''P. r. rutilans'' in north-central and east [[China]], [[Korea]], [[Taiwan]], southern Sakhalin and [[Japan]] | ||
| Line 31: | Line 34: | ||
* ''P. r. cinnamomeus'' from northeast [[Afghanistan]] east in the [[Himalayas]] ([[Pakistan]], [[India]], [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]]) to southern [[China]] ([[Tibet]]) and northeast [[India]] (Arunachal Pradesh) | * ''P. r. cinnamomeus'' from northeast [[Afghanistan]] east in the [[Himalayas]] ([[Pakistan]], [[India]], [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]]) to southern [[China]] ([[Tibet]]) and northeast [[India]] (Arunachal Pradesh) | ||
The proposed subspecies ''batangensis'' from Sichuan is usually considered synonymous with ''intensior''.<br /> | The proposed subspecies ''batangensis'' from Sichuan is usually considered synonymous with ''intensior''.<br /> | ||
| − | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| Line 37: | Line 39: | ||
In the eastern parts of its range found in open woodland, forest edges and cultivation, descending down to sea-level. | In the eastern parts of its range found in open woodland, forest edges and cultivation, descending down to sea-level. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
Feeds on seeds, takes also small berries. Nestlings are fed with caterpillars and grubs.<br /> | Feeds on seeds, takes also small berries. Nestlings are fed with caterpillars and grubs.<br /> | ||
| − | In winter seen in large flocks to feed on spilt grain and weed seeds in stubbles of cultivated fields. | + | In winter seen in large flocks to feed on spilt grain and weed seeds in stubbles of cultivated fields. |
| − | Breeding season from April to July. A solitary breeder. The nest is an untidy collection of grass, placed in a tree hole or in a hole in a house. In the east of the range also placed in branches of shrub. Lays 4 - 6 eggs. | + | ====Breeding==== |
| + | Breeding season from April to July. A solitary breeder. The nest is an untidy collection of grass, placed in a tree hole or in a hole in a house. In the east of the range also placed in branches of shrub. Lays 4 - 6 eggs. | ||
| + | ====Movements==== | ||
Birds of the Himalayas spend the winter at lower altitudes, birds from the east are migratory. | Birds of the Himalayas spend the winter at lower altitudes, birds from the east are migratory. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug14}}#{{Ref-HBWVol14}} |
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Passer+rutilans}} | {{GSearch|Passer+rutilans}} | ||
| − | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Passer]] | + | <br /> |
| + | {{Video|Russet_Sparrow}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Passer]] [[Category:Videos]] | ||
Revision as of 18:21, 14 July 2015
Alternative names: Cinnamon Sparrow; Cinnamon Tree Sparrow; Ruddy Sparrow
- Passer rutilans
Identification
14 - 15cm (5½-6 in)
Male
- Bright cinnamon-brown or russet top of head to hindneck and upperparts, heavily streaked black on mantle
- Black lores
- Off-white ear-coverts and cheeks (strong yellow tinge in cinnamomeus and intensior)
- Black median coverts with broad white tips
- Blackish flight feathers
- Dull brownish or grey-brown tail
- Black chin and throat
- Off-white underparts (stronge yellow tinge in cinnamomeus and intensior)
Female
- Sandy brown to dull cinnamon above
- Conspicuous long, bright creamy supercilium
- Broad pale and dark stripes on mantle
- White chin and throat
Juveniles are similar to females but duller.
Similar species
The female resembles the female of House Sparrow but is more brightly marked and has a far more striking supercilium.
Distribution
Found in Asia in the Himalayas, northern Indochina, China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan and north to Sakhalin (Russia). Winters in north Thailand.
Common in the western parts of its range, rare in the east, rare and declining in Taiwan.
Taxonomy
Has been considered to form a superspecies or to be conspecific with Somali Sparrow.
Subspecies
Three subspecies recognized:
- P. r. rutilans in north-central and east China, Korea, Taiwan, southern Sakhalin and Japan
- P. r. intensior in northeast India (Assam), south-central and south China, northern Burma, northern Laos and northwest Vietnam
- P. r. cinnamomeus from northeast Afghanistan east in the Himalayas (Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan) to southern China (Tibet) and northeast India (Arunachal Pradesh)
The proposed subspecies batangensis from Sichuan is usually considered synonymous with intensior.
Habitat
In the western parts of its range found in open woodland, terrace cultivation around villages and open parts of villages and towns. Occurs at 1000m - 4300m, down to edge of plains in winter.
In the eastern parts of its range found in open woodland, forest edges and cultivation, descending down to sea-level.
Behaviour
Diet
Feeds on seeds, takes also small berries. Nestlings are fed with caterpillars and grubs.
In winter seen in large flocks to feed on spilt grain and weed seeds in stubbles of cultivated fields.
Breeding
Breeding season from April to July. A solitary breeder. The nest is an untidy collection of grass, placed in a tree hole or in a hole in a house. In the east of the range also placed in branches of shrub. Lays 4 - 6 eggs.
Movements
Birds of the Himalayas spend the winter at lower altitudes, birds from the east are migratory.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2014. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9., with updates to August 2014. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, and D Christie, eds. 2009. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553507
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Russet Sparrow. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 25 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Russet_Sparrow
External Links
