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Difference between revisions of "Sand Lark" - BirdForum Opus

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[[Image:Indian_Short-toed_Lark.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Seyed+Babak+Mus|Seyed Babak Mus}}<br />Location: Near the shore in Soorgalm Creek]]
 
 
'''Alternative name: Indian Short-toed Lark'''
 
'''Alternative name: Indian Short-toed Lark'''
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[[Image:Indian_Short-toed_Lark.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Seyed+Babak+Mus|Seyed Babak Mus}}<br />Near the shore in Soorgalm Creek, [[Iran]]<!--EDITORS: This picture does not appear in the Gallery-->]]
 
;[[:Category:Alaudala|Alaudala]] raytal
 
;[[:Category:Alaudala|Alaudala]] raytal
 
''Calandrella raytal''
 
''Calandrella raytal''
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
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13cm.  Greyish sandy, with dark brown streaks, from above, while the belly is white, sparsely and indistinctly dark-streaked on the sides. Supercilium and cheeks are white. Shortish black and white tail. Sexes alike.
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12–13 cm (4¾-5 in)
 +
*Greyish sandy overall plumage
 +
*Dark brown streaks
 +
*White underparts, sparsely and indistinctly dark-streaked on the flanks
 +
*Greyish-white [[Topography#Heads|supercilium]]
 +
*White cheeks
 +
*Long slender bill
 +
*Shortish tail
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
−
[[India]].
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[[Image:DSC04933.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|Shantilal+Varu|Shantilal Varu}}<br />Kutch, Gujarat, [[India]], June 2014]]
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[[Middle East]] and [[Asia]]:<br />
 +
'''Middle East''': occurs only in [[Iran]]<br />
 +
'''Asia''': [[Tibet]], [[Nepal]]<br />
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'''South Asia''': [[Pakistan]], [[India]], Eastern and Western [[Himalayas]]<br />
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'''Southeast Asia''': [[Indochina]] and [[Myanmar]]
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
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====Subspecies====
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There are 3 subecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
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*''A. r. raytal'':
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:*Coastal south-eastern [[Iran]] to [[Afghanistan]], northern [[India]] and southern [[Myanmar]]
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*''A. r. krishnakumarsinhji'':
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:*North West India (Kathiawar Peninsula)
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*''A. r. adamsi'':
 +
:*Coastal north-western India
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
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Salt pans, river banks, and river islets, sandy coastal areas.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
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Diet includes weed, seeds and insects.  
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====Diet====
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There is little detail known about their diet, but it is known to consist of seeds, invertebrates and all snails.
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Nesting Season: February to May. Nest: A cup like depression in the ground at the base of a shrub, lined with grass, hair, etc. Eggs: 3, sometimes 2. Yellowish or greyish white, freckled with brown.  Both sexes share domestic chores.
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====Breeding====
 +
Nesting Season: February to May. The nest on the ground forming a cup-shaped depression for the eggs; usually at the base of a shrub. It is lined with grass and hair etc. The clutch consists of two or three eggs which have brown freckles on and yellowis or greyish-white background. They, and the young, are cared for by both adults.
 +
==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Avibase
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#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved August 2016)
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#Wikipedia
 +
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
 
{{GSearch|Lark+raytal}}
 
{{GSearch|Lark+raytal}}
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<br />
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{{Video|Sand_Lark}}
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[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Alaudala]]
 
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Alaudala]]

Revision as of 21:15, 25 August 2016

Alternative name: Indian Short-toed Lark

Photo by Seyed Babak Mus
Near the shore in Soorgalm Creek, Iran
Alaudala raytal

Calandrella raytal

Identification

12–13 cm (4¾-5 in)

  • Greyish sandy overall plumage
  • Dark brown streaks
  • White underparts, sparsely and indistinctly dark-streaked on the flanks
  • Greyish-white supercilium
  • White cheeks
  • Long slender bill
  • Shortish tail

Distribution

Photo by Shantilal Varu
Kutch, Gujarat, India, June 2014

Middle East and Asia:
Middle East: occurs only in Iran
Asia: Tibet, Nepal
South Asia: Pakistan, India, Eastern and Western Himalayas
Southeast Asia: Indochina and Myanmar

Taxonomy

Subspecies

There are 3 subecies[1]:

  • A. r. raytal:
  • A. r. krishnakumarsinhji:
  • North West India (Kathiawar Peninsula)
  • A. r. adamsi:
  • Coastal north-western India

Habitat

Salt pans, river banks, and river islets, sandy coastal areas.

Behaviour

Diet

There is little detail known about their diet, but it is known to consist of seeds, invertebrates and all snails.

Breeding

Nesting Season: February to May. The nest on the ground forming a cup-shaped depression for the eggs; usually at the base of a shrub. It is lined with grass and hair etc. The clutch consists of two or three eggs which have brown freckles on and yellowis or greyish-white background. They, and the young, are cared for by both adults.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016, with updates to August 2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Avibase
  3. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved August 2016)
  4. Wikipedia

Recommended Citation

External Links


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