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(Picture of North Island male. ID & Taxonomy expanded. References updated) |
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;[[:Category:Petroica|Petroica]] macrocephala | ;[[:Category:Petroica|Petroica]] macrocephala | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | 13 cm<br /> | + | [[Image:Tomtit2-sml.jpg|thumb|350px|right|North Island male<br />Photo by {{user|Raikyn|Raikyn}}<br />Boundary Stream reserve, Hawkes Bay, [[New Zealand]], December 2016]] |
| + | 13 cm (5 in)<br /> | ||
*Large head | *Large head | ||
*Short tail<br /> | *Short tail<br /> | ||
| + | '''Male''' | ||
| + | *Black head neck and upperparts | ||
| + | *White forehead spot | ||
| + | *Black upper wing | ||
| + | *White bar on [[Topography#Wings|remiges]] | ||
Adult '''females''' have brown head and upperparts. | Adult '''females''' have brown head and upperparts. | ||
| + | |||
Sub species vary greatly in size and colour (see[[#Taxonomy|[1]]]. | Sub species vary greatly in size and colour (see[[#Taxonomy|[1]]]. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
[[New Zealand]]. | [[New Zealand]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| − | + | There are five races<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: of this bird, each restricted to an island and its outlying islands:<br /> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | *''P. m. toitoi'': black head with white spot above bill, black upperparts and upper breast, white underparts, white wing bar and sides to tail | |
| − | + | :*North Island and adjacent offshore islands (New Zealand) | |
| + | *''P. m. macrocephala'': and the next two all have a yellow breast | ||
| + | :*South Island and Stewart Island (New Zealand) | ||
| + | *''P. m. marrineri'': | ||
| + | :*Auckland Islands | ||
| + | *''P. m. chathamensis'': | ||
| + | :*Chatham Islands | ||
| + | *''P. m. dannefaerdi'': is totally black | ||
| + | :*Snares Islands | ||
| + | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | + | Native forests. | |
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
Highly territorial. | Highly territorial. | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | The diet | + | The diet consist of a variety of insects, also weta, worms and months. Fruit is added during autumn and winter. |
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
| − | They nest in a hole in a tree or a sheltered cleft in a bank or rock. The female builds the nest from moss, thin strips of bark, bound together with cobwebs and feathers. The clutch consists of 3-4 white eggs, spotted with dark specks; they are incubated by the female. The young being fed by both adults. | + | They nest in a hole in a tree or a sheltered cleft in a bank or rock. The female builds the nest from moss, thin strips of bark, bound together with cobwebs and feathers. The clutch consists of 3-4 white eggs, spotted with dark specks; they are incubated by the female. The young being fed by both adults. There are usually two or three broods each year. |
==References== | ==References== | ||
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved January 2017) | ||
#New Zealand Birds | #New Zealand Birds | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
Revision as of 00:08, 2 January 2017
- Petroica macrocephala
Identification
13 cm (5 in)
- Large head
- Short tail
Male
- Black head neck and upperparts
- White forehead spot
- Black upper wing
- White bar on remiges
Adult females have brown head and upperparts.
Sub species vary greatly in size and colour (see[1].
Distribution
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are five races[1]: of this bird, each restricted to an island and its outlying islands:
- P. m. toitoi: black head with white spot above bill, black upperparts and upper breast, white underparts, white wing bar and sides to tail
- North Island and adjacent offshore islands (New Zealand)
- P. m. macrocephala: and the next two all have a yellow breast
- South Island and Stewart Island (New Zealand)
- P. m. marrineri:
- Auckland Islands
- P. m. chathamensis:
- Chatham Islands
- P. m. dannefaerdi: is totally black
- Snares Islands
Habitat
Native forests.
Behaviour
Highly territorial.
Diet
The diet consist of a variety of insects, also weta, worms and months. Fruit is added during autumn and winter.
Breeding
They nest in a hole in a tree or a sheltered cleft in a bank or rock. The female builds the nest from moss, thin strips of bark, bound together with cobwebs and feathers. The clutch consists of 3-4 white eggs, spotted with dark specks; they are incubated by the female. The young being fed by both adults. There are usually two or three broods each year.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016, with updates to August 2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved January 2017)
- New Zealand Birds
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Tomtit. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 24 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Tomtit
External Links
