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Tropical Mockingbird
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| - | ;Mimus gilvus | + | [[Image:Tropical_Mockingbird.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Richard+Fray|Richard Fray}}<br />Port Elizabeth, Bequia, [[Grenadines]], Feb 2004]] |
| - | [[Image:Tropical_Mockingbird.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by Richard Fray<br />Locality: Port Elizabeth, Bequia, Grenadines.]] | + | ;[[:Category:Mimus|Mimus]] gilvus |
| - | ==Description== | + | |
| - | Total length 23-26 cm (9-10 in). A medium-sized mockingbird with a long tail. It is overall grey with whitish underparts. The wings are blackish with whitish edging often forming two narrow wing-bars. The tail is mainly blackish, but the outer rectrices are broadly white-tipped (best seen when the tail is spread or from below). The whitish eye-brow is border below by the dusky lores and faint post-ocular streak/spot. Females are slightly smaller than males. Juveniles resemble adults, but are generally browner and with dusky streaking to the flanks (some adults retain slight streaking to the lower flanks). The numerous races vary mainly in size and plumage tone, e.g. blackness of wings and/or strenght of white eye-brow. | + | |
| - | | + | |
| | ==Identification== | | ==Identification== |
| | + | Total length 23-26 cm (9-10 in). A medium-sized mockingbird with a long tail. It is overall grey with whitish underparts. The wings are blackish with whitish edging often forming two narrow wing-bars. The tail is mainly blackish, but the outer rectrices are broadly white-tipped (best seen when the tail is spread or from below). The whitish eye-brow is border below by the dusky lores and faint post-ocular streak/spot. Females are slightly smaller than males. Juveniles resemble adults, but are generally browner and with dusky streaking to the flanks (some adults retain slight streaking to the lower flanks). The numerous races vary mainly in size and plumage tone, e.g. blackness of wings and/or strenght of white eye-brow. |
| | + | ====Similar Species==== |
| | In the limited area of overlap in southern Mexico, it can be separated from the very similar [[Northern Mockingbird]] by the lack of a whitish patch near the base of the primaries. The voices of the Tropical and the Northern Mockingbird are virtually inseparable. In the coastal regions of Brazil the Tropical Mockingbird overlaps with the [[Chalk-browed Mockingbird]], which is browner and has a stronger post-ocular streak/spot. | | In the limited area of overlap in southern Mexico, it can be separated from the very similar [[Northern Mockingbird]] by the lack of a whitish patch near the base of the primaries. The voices of the Tropical and the Northern Mockingbird are virtually inseparable. In the coastal regions of Brazil the Tropical Mockingbird overlaps with the [[Chalk-browed Mockingbird]], which is browner and has a stronger post-ocular streak/spot. |
| | | | |
| - | ==Distribution & Taxonomy== | + | ==Distribution== |
| - | It is widespread from southern Mexico and the Yucatán Peninsula, south through Central America, to northern South America (Colombia, Venezuela, far northern Brazil, far northern Ecuador and the Guianas), and coastal Brazil. It also occus in the Lesser Antilles, Trinidad & Tobago, San Andrés Is. (off E. Nicaragua) and Cozumel Is. | + | It is widespread from southern [[Mexico]] and the Yucatán Peninsula, south through [[Central America]], to northern South America ([[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], far northern [[Brazil]], far northern [[Ecuador]] and the [[Guianas]]), and coastal [[Brazil]]. It also occus in the [[Lesser Antilles]], [[Trinidad]] & [[Tobago]], [[San Andrés Island]], (off E. [[Nicaragua]]) and [[Cozumel Island]]. The population in [[Panama]] seems to have originated from escaped/released birds originating in [[Colombia]] |
| | | | |
| - | It has been suggested that the subspecies ''magnirostris'' (from San Andrés Is.) and ''antelius'' (from coastal Brazil) should be regarded as separate species. Hybrids between the closely related Tropical and Northern Mockingbird have been reported from Mexico. | |
| | | | |
| | + | ==Taxonomy== |
| | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| | + | This is a [[Dictionary_M-S#M|polytypic]] species, consisting of ten subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: |
| | + | *''M. g. gracilis'': Southern [[Mexico]] (Oaxaca) to [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]] and [[El Salvador]] |
| | + | *''M. g. leucophaeus'': Humid tropical south-eastern Mexico, Cozumel Island, Isla Mujeres and [[Belize]] |
| | + | *''M. g. antillarum'': [[Martinique]], [[St. Lucia]], [[St. Vincent]], the [[Grenadines]] and [[Grenada]] |
| | + | *''M. g. tobagensis'': [[Trinidad]] and [[Tobago]] |
| | + | *''M. g. rostratus'': [[Netherlands Antilles]] and adjacent islands off northern coast of [[Venezuela]] |
| | + | *''M. g. tolimensis'': Western and central [[Colombia]] |
| | + | *''M. g. melanopterus'': Coastal northern Colombia to Venezuela, [[Guyana]] and extreme northern [[Brazil]] |
| | + | *''M. g. gilvus'': [[French Guiana]] and [[Suriname]] |
| | + | *''M. g. antelius'': Coastal eastern [[Brazil]] (Par to Rio de Janeiro) |
| | + | *''M. g. magnirostris'': Isla San Andres (western Caribbean Sea) |
| | + | |
| | + | It has been suggested that the subspecies ''magnirostris'' (from San Andrés Is.) and ''antelius'' (from coastal Brazil) should be regarded as separate species. Hybrids between the closely related Tropical and Northern Mockingbird have been reported from Mexico. |
| | ==Habitat== | | ==Habitat== |
| - | It occurs in a wide range of open and semi-open habitats, incl. fields, scrub, savanna, farmland and parks. Often near humans. It avoids dense forest. Race ''antelius'' is restricted to restinga (a type of coastal scrub). | + | It occurs in a wide range of open and semi-open habitats, including fields, scrub, savanna, farmland and parks. Often near humans. It avoids dense forest. Race ''antelius'' is restricted to restinga (a type of coastal scrub). |
| - | | + | |
| - | ==Behavior== | + | |
| - | Omnivorous. Has been recorded taking fruits, berries, insects and bird eggs. It is bold, aggressive and territorial. Typically lives in small groups, comprising a monogamous pair, and their offspring from earlier broods, which help raising new broods. | + | |
| | | | |
| | + | ==Behaviour== |
| | + | It is bold, aggressive and territorial. |
| | + | ====Diet==== |
| | + | Omnivorous. Has been recorded taking fruits, berries, insects and bird eggs. |
| | + | ====Breeding==== |
| | + | Typically lives in small groups, comprising a monogamous pair, and their offspring from earlier broods, which help raising new broods. |
| | + | ==References== |
| | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}} |
| | + | {{ref}} |
| | ==External Links== | | ==External Links== |
| - | *[http://www.birdforum.net/gallery/search.php?keywords=Mimus+gilvus&cat=all View more images of Tropical Mockingbird in the gallery] | + | {{GSearch|Mimus+gilvus}} |
| - | [[Category:Birds]] | + | <br /> |
| | + | {{Video|Tropical_Mockingbird}} |
| | + | |
| | + | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Mimus]] [[Category:Videos]] |
Current revision
- Mimus gilvus
[edit] Identification
Total length 23-26 cm (9-10 in). A medium-sized mockingbird with a long tail. It is overall grey with whitish underparts. The wings are blackish with whitish edging often forming two narrow wing-bars. The tail is mainly blackish, but the outer rectrices are broadly white-tipped (best seen when the tail is spread or from below). The whitish eye-brow is border below by the dusky lores and faint post-ocular streak/spot. Females are slightly smaller than males. Juveniles resemble adults, but are generally browner and with dusky streaking to the flanks (some adults retain slight streaking to the lower flanks). The numerous races vary mainly in size and plumage tone, e.g. blackness of wings and/or strenght of white eye-brow.
[edit] Similar Species
In the limited area of overlap in southern Mexico, it can be separated from the very similar Northern Mockingbird by the lack of a whitish patch near the base of the primaries. The voices of the Tropical and the Northern Mockingbird are virtually inseparable. In the coastal regions of Brazil the Tropical Mockingbird overlaps with the Chalk-browed Mockingbird, which is browner and has a stronger post-ocular streak/spot.
[edit] Distribution
It is widespread from southern Mexico and the Yucatán Peninsula, south through Central America, to northern South America (Colombia, Venezuela, far northern Brazil, far northern Ecuador and the Guianas), and coastal Brazil. It also occus in the Lesser Antilles, Trinidad & Tobago, San Andrés Island, (off E. Nicaragua) and Cozumel Island. The population in Panama seems to have originated from escaped/released birds originating in Colombia
[edit] Taxonomy
[edit] Subspecies
This is a polytypic species, consisting of ten subspecies[1]:
It has been suggested that the subspecies magnirostris (from San Andrés Is.) and antelius (from coastal Brazil) should be regarded as separate species. Hybrids between the closely related Tropical and Northern Mockingbird have been reported from Mexico.
[edit] Habitat
It occurs in a wide range of open and semi-open habitats, including fields, scrub, savanna, farmland and parks. Often near humans. It avoids dense forest. Race antelius is restricted to restinga (a type of coastal scrub).
[edit] Behaviour
It is bold, aggressive and territorial.
Omnivorous. Has been recorded taking fruits, berries, insects and bird eggs.
[edit] Breeding
Typically lives in small groups, comprising a monogamous pair, and their offspring from earlier broods, which help raising new broods.
[edit] References
- Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
[edit] External Links
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