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Warbling Vireo
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| | + | [[Image:Warbling_Vireo.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|DarrenMcKenna|DarrenMcKenna}}. <br />Police Point Park, Medicine Hat, [[Alberta]], [[Canada]]]] |
| | ;[[: Category:Vireo|Vireo]] gilvus | | ;[[: Category:Vireo|Vireo]] gilvus |
| - | | |
| - | [[Image:d07_0446.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by nomdeploom<br>Location: Lamoille Canyon, [[Nevada]], [[USA]]]] | |
| - | | |
| | ==Identification== | | ==Identification== |
| - | L. 13cm, W. 22cm. A drab vireo with few distinguishing marks; warbling song is the best clue. There is an indistinct stripe over the (black) eye. Upper parts are gray or olive-gray, breast whitish with light yellow wash on flanks. Blue-gray legs and feet. Easternmost and westernmost birds are quite different. | + | L. 13cm, W. 22cm<br /> |
| | + | A drab vireo with few distinguishing marks; warbling song is the best clue. There is an indistinct stripe over the (black) eye. Upper parts are gray or olive-gray, breast whitish with light yellow wash on flanks. Blue-gray legs and feet. Easternmost and westernmost birds are quite different. |
| | ==Distribution== | | ==Distribution== |
| | Throughout the [[USA]] except the deep south, in the western provinces of [[Canada]] and extreme western mainland of [[Mexico]]. Has declined in the eastern U.S. where shade trees have been sprayed with insecticides. | | Throughout the [[USA]] except the deep south, in the western provinces of [[Canada]] and extreme western mainland of [[Mexico]]. Has declined in the eastern U.S. where shade trees have been sprayed with insecticides. |
| - | | |
| | ==Taxonomy== | | ==Taxonomy== |
| - | Warbling vireo has a total of ten subspecies. One of these, ''victoriae'' has been claimed as a separate species, Cape Warbling Vireo. Another treatment is for this and three other subspecies (''swainsonii'', ''leucopolius'', and ''sympatricus'') to be split into Western Warbling vireo (would then be ''Vireo swainsonii''), and the remaining subspecies to be Eastern Warbling Vireo (''Vireo gilvus'') with subspecies ''gilvus'', ''brewsteri'', ''eleanorae'', ''bulli'', ''amauronotus'', and ''strenuus''. The current consensus among worldwide checklist makers seems to be not to accept this split. | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| | + | Warbling vireo has a total of six recognized subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: |
| | + | *''V. g. gilvus'': |
| | + | :*South-western [[Canada]] to east-central [[US]]; winters to north-eastern [[Costa Rica]] |
| | + | *''V. g. swainsoni'': |
| | + | :*South-eastern [[Alaska]] to north-western Baja; winters to [[El Salvador]] |
| | + | *''V. g. victoriae'': |
| | + | :*Mountains of southern [[Baja California]] (Sierra de la Laguna) |
| | + | *''V. g. leucopolius'': |
| | + | :*Great Basin of eastern [[Washington]] to south-eastern [[California]] and south-western [[Utah]] |
| | + | *''V. g. brewsteri'': |
| | + | :*Sierra Madre Occidental of north-western [[Mexico]] (southern Sonora to Nayarit) |
| | + | *''V. g. connectens'': |
| | + | :*Mountains of southern-central [[Mexico]] (Michoacán to Oaxaca) |
| | | | |
| | + | One of these, ''victoriae'' has been claimed as a separate species, Cape Warbling Vireo. Another treatment is for this and three other subspecies (''swainsonii'', ''leucopolius'', and ''sympatricus'') to be split into Western Warbling vireo (would then be ''Vireo swainsonii''), and the remaining subspecies to be Eastern Warbling Vireo (''Vireo gilvus'') with subspecies ''gilvus'', ''brewsteri'', ''eleanorae'', ''bulli'', ''amauronotus'', and ''strenuus''. The current consensus among worldwide checklist makers seems to be not to accept this split. <br /> |
| | + | Subspecies ''swainsonii'' should be spelled ''swainsoni''<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>. |
| | ==Habitat== | | ==Habitat== |
| | Treetops, especially large trees and along rivers and creeks | | Treetops, especially large trees and along rivers and creeks |
| - | | |
| | ==Behaviour== | | ==Behaviour== |
| | Individuals or pairs flit about in the treetops in wooded country, especially in riparian zones. Moves rapidly when foraging, but may perch in the same spot to sing for a several minutes. Often in the densest foliage, so hard to spot even when close. | | Individuals or pairs flit about in the treetops in wooded country, especially in riparian zones. Moves rapidly when foraging, but may perch in the same spot to sing for a several minutes. Often in the densest foliage, so hard to spot even when close. |
| - | | + | ====Diet==== |
| - | Diet: Insects, caterpillars, insect eggs, and some fruits. | + | Insects, caterpillars, insect eggs, and some fruits. |
| - | | + | ====Vocalisation==== |
| - | | + | '''Song''': A warble, repeatedly frequently; 12-20 syllables for eastern birds, shorter for western birds. |
| - | Song: A warble, repeatedly frequently; 12-20 syllables for eastern birds, shorter for western birds. | + | ==References== |
| - | | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thDec09}}#[http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1525/auk.2010.127.3.726 51st supplement to the AOU checklist of North American birds] |
| | + | {{ref}} |
| | ==External Links== | | ==External Links== |
| | {{GSearch|Vireo+gilvus}} | | {{GSearch|Vireo+gilvus}} |
| | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Vireo]] | | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Vireo]] |
Revision as of 07:54, 9 February 2012
- Vireo gilvus
Identification
L. 13cm, W. 22cm
A drab vireo with few distinguishing marks; warbling song is the best clue. There is an indistinct stripe over the (black) eye. Upper parts are gray or olive-gray, breast whitish with light yellow wash on flanks. Blue-gray legs and feet. Easternmost and westernmost birds are quite different.
Distribution
Throughout the USA except the deep south, in the western provinces of Canada and extreme western mainland of Mexico. Has declined in the eastern U.S. where shade trees have been sprayed with insecticides.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
Warbling vireo has a total of six recognized subspecies[1]:
-
-
-
-
- Sierra Madre Occidental of north-western Mexico (southern Sonora to Nayarit)
- Mountains of southern-central Mexico (Michoacán to Oaxaca)
One of these, victoriae has been claimed as a separate species, Cape Warbling Vireo. Another treatment is for this and three other subspecies (swainsonii, leucopolius, and sympatricus) to be split into Western Warbling vireo (would then be Vireo swainsonii), and the remaining subspecies to be Eastern Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) with subspecies gilvus, brewsteri, eleanorae, bulli, amauronotus, and strenuus. The current consensus among worldwide checklist makers seems to be not to accept this split.
Subspecies swainsonii should be spelled swainsoni[2].
Habitat
Treetops, especially large trees and along rivers and creeks
Behaviour
Individuals or pairs flit about in the treetops in wooded country, especially in riparian zones. Moves rapidly when foraging, but may perch in the same spot to sing for a several minutes. Often in the densest foliage, so hard to spot even when close.
Diet
Insects, caterpillars, insect eggs, and some fruits.
Vocalisation
Song: A warble, repeatedly frequently; 12-20 syllables for eastern birds, shorter for western birds.
References
- Clements, JF. 2009. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2009. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
- 51st supplement to the AOU checklist of North American birds
External Links
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