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==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
13.5-15 cm. Brown above and pale below, white superciliar meeting on the nape, well developed crest on crown which is not always conspicuous. In flight it shows a short tail and short broad wings. The tail is tipped with white. | 13.5-15 cm. Brown above and pale below, white superciliar meeting on the nape, well developed crest on crown which is not always conspicuous. In flight it shows a short tail and short broad wings. The tail is tipped with white. | ||
| + | The black and white marks on the alula are a good fieldmark. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Revision as of 12:40, 19 April 2014
- Lullula arborea
Identification
13.5-15 cm. Brown above and pale below, white superciliar meeting on the nape, well developed crest on crown which is not always conspicuous. In flight it shows a short tail and short broad wings. The tail is tipped with white. The black and white marks on the alula are a good fieldmark.
Distribution
Europe including European part of Russia, Caucasus, the Middle East, and the mountains of north Africa north of the Sahara.
Taxonomy
Two subspecies are recognized1: arborea and pallida; some authorities include a third subspecies familiaris2.
Habitat
Open heath with some trees, and other open woodlands, especially those with pines and light soil.
Behaviour
The nest is on the ground; 6 eggs are laid.
The diet includes seeds supplemented with insects in the breeding season.
References
- Clements, James F. 2007. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to October 2007. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801445019
- Avibase presumably based on Dickinson, Edward C. (ed.). 2003. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 3rd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691117010
