sigma vs canon 400mm f5.6
I have had the 170-500 for several years. After reading about how much better canon primes are I got the canon 400mm f5.6 lens so I have some grounds for comparison. First, the canon is very sharp, has very fast autofocus, and gives good contrast. The downside is it's 400 mm, and with an extender with pins taped the autofocus slows to the speed of the sigma and the images are acceptable but not discernably sharper than the sigma at 500 mm. Used without an extender it's easier to use than the sigma - you don't need as good technique. However, I usually shoot with the sigma. A year ago I printed off 8 by 10 inch prints of birds taken with both lenses for a friend who was thinking of getting a longer lens. I wrote the exif data on the back of the photos, and I was surprised to find you had to look at the exif data in most cases to determine the lens used. At 400 mm, the sigma is very sharp, and maybe I got lucky but my lens takes good shots at 500 mm as well. It DOES have limitations and I had a learning curve discovering this. I took alot of soft shots before I figured things out.
1) It is slow. You need good light for decent pictures.
2) I have to use a tripod to get sharp shots, with good long lens technique and attention to shutter speed. I burst the shots - the second or third shot in a burst is usually sharper as there's less camera shake.
3) At 500 mm it is a bit sharper stopped down to f8. Again requires good light.
4) It focuses too slowly for most flight shots, though I've been lucky on occasion. It is definitely best for "bird on a branch" shots.
5) For some reason, shots taken at infinity focus are somwhat soft. If I can get within about 20 feet of the subject the shots are sharper. Don't know why.
The upside: It is much less expensive than a prime (purchasing a good tripod does wonders for pictures), and it does have longer reach than a 400mm. We'd all like a 500 mm prime but few of us can justify sinking 5 to 7 grand on one. You can zoom out with this lens if you are too close to the subject.
Spend some time looking at the gallery. There are lots of shot with this lens Recall there is a variation in the operators. Hope this helps anyone reading this.