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Aegithalidae (1 Viewer)

Further to the abstract, the taxonomic conclusions support:

  • Split of Aegithalos glaucogularis from A caudatus - as Harrap 2008 (HBW13)
  • Lumping of A bonvaloti, A sharpei (and probably A fuliginosus) with A iouschistos - contra Harrap 2008.
  • Potential split of A iredalei, A rubricapillus (Ticehurst, 1925 - Sikkim) and A manipurensis from A concinnus (incl ssp talifuensis), but data on annamensis-group missing.
Richard
 
Strange is the sampling of Aegithalos caudatus in the known intermediate zone, instead of the pure caudatus, europaeus, irbii and so on... I regard sampling close to the type locations as the most safe locations, within the article just random sampling has been carried out.
Regarded A glaucogularis these birds have a distinct morphology, but on the edges of their distribution they still interbreed with other races. Few intermediates found their way into various collections.
Also notable is the incomplete distribution map. Excluded is information given in Jansen & Nap 2008, Wassink & Oreel 2008 and other sources.
 
Black-throated Tit

Dai, Zhao, Wang, Lin, Gao, Yang, Zhang & Lei 2011. Profound climatic effects on two East Asian black-throated tits (Ave: Aegithalidae), revealed by ecological niche models and phylogeographic analysis. PLoS ONE 6(12): e29329. [pdf]
  • Harrap 2008 (HBW 13):
    Race talifuensis perhaps better synonymized with nominate.
    Click to expand...
  • Eck & Martens 2006. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 49. A preliminary review of the Aegithalidae, Remizidae and Paridae. Zool Med Leiden 80(5): 1-63. [pdf] (p4-5)
 
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C Dai, W Wang & F Lei, 2013. Multilocus phylogeography (mitochondrial, autosomal and Z-chromosomal loci) and genetic consequence of long-distance male dispersal in Black-throated tits (Aegithalos concinnus). Heredity doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.114.
Abstract
 
Black-browed x Sooty Tit hybridisation

Wang, Dai, Alström, Zhang, Qu, Li, Yang, Zhao, Song & Lei (in press). Past hybridization between two East Asian long-tailed tits (Aegithalos bonvaloti and A. fuliginosus). Front Zool 11(40). [abstract] [pdf]
 
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Aegithalos

Wang, Huang, Liu, Yang & Lei 2015. Seven complete mitochondrial genome sequences of bushtits (Passeriformes, Aegithalidae, Aegithalos): the evolution pattern in duplicated control regions. Mitochondr DNA 26(3): 350–356. [abstract] [pdf]
 
Pygmy Tit

Richard Klim said:
Päckert, Martens & Sun 2010. Phylogeny of long-tailed tits and allies inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers (Aves: Passeriformes, Aegithalidae).
Click to expand...
Päckert et al 2010. Mol Phylogenet Evol 55(3): 952–967. [pdf]
thyoloalethe said:
It doesn't look like they sampled Psaltria exilis - too bad!
Click to expand...
Johansson, Ericson, Fjeldså & Irestedt (in press). The phylogenetic position of the world's smallest passerine, the Pygmy Bushtit Psaltria exilis. Ibis. [abstract] [supp info]

Harrap 2008 (HBW 13).
 
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Dezhi Zhang, Gang Song, Bin Gao, Yalin Cheng, Yanhua Qu, Shaoyuan Wu, Shimiao Shao, Yongjie Wu, Per Alström, Fumin Lei. Genomic differentiation and patterns of gene flow between two long-tailed tit species (Aegithalos). Molecular Ecology. Accepted manuscript online: 21 October 2017.

Abstract:

Patterns of heterogeneous genomic differentiation have been well documented between closely related species, with some highly differentiated genomic regions (“genomic differentiation islands”) spread throughout the genome. Differential levels of gene flow are proposed to account for this pattern, as genomic differentiation islands are suggested to be resistant to gene flow. Recent studies have also suggested that genomic differentiation islands could be explained by linked selection acting on genomic regions with low recombination rates. Here, we investigate genomic differentiation and gene flow patterns for autosomes using RAD-seq data between two closely related species of long-tailed tits (Aegithalos bonvaloti and A. fuliginosus) in both allopatric and contact zone populations. The results confirm recent or ongoing gene flow between these two species. However, there is little evidence that the genomic regions that were found to be highly differentiated between the contact zone populations are resistant to gene flow, suggesting that differential levels of gene flow is not the cause of the heterogeneous genomic differentiation. Linked selection may be the cause of genomic differentiation islands between the allopatric populations with no or very limited gene flow, but this could not account for the heterogeneous genomic differentiation between the contact zone populations, which show evidence of recent or ongoing gene flow.
 
Ya. A. Red’kin, O. A. Lukyanchuk (2017) The Kopetdagh Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus rustamovi subsp. nova. Archives of the Menzbier Ornithological Society, Volume 3. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press. 2017

Russian with English abstract

The range of Long-tailed Tit on the Kopetdag ridge on the border of Iran and
Turkmenistan is isolated from the territory of the northern Iran which occupied
by the subspecies Ae. c. alpinus. We have compared the coloration of 5 specimens
from the Kopetdag with 20 specimens of Ae. c. alpinus and found a number of
differences. Thus, we describe a new subspecies from the Kopetdag, Aegithalos
caudatus rustamovi Redkin et Lukyanchuk subsp. nova is distinguished from
Ae. c. alpinus by a lighter, purer-gray (Medium Neutral Gray, C. 84) back color,
narrower black stripes on the sides of the head, light-whitish coloring of the
chin, ear-coverts and sides of the neck, and also by smaller dark spot on the
throat (in average). From Ae. c. tephronotus and Ae. c. passekii the Kopetdag
race is differenced by a darker back and darker (brownish) color of brightened
feathers of forehead, top of head and abdomen. The new subspecies is named
after the eminent zoologist and conservationist Anver Keyushevich Rustamov
(1917–2005), who made a great contribution to the study of the avifauna of
Turkmenistan and other regions of Central Asia.
Click to expand...
 
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Лукьянчук ОА, Марова ИМ, Редькин ЯА. 2017. Географическая изменчивость морфологических и акустических признаков северных популяций ополовника (Aegithalos caudatus, Passeriformes, Aegithalidae). Зоол. Журн. 96:429-438.
Lukyanchuk OA, Marova IM, Red’kin YaA. 2017. Geographic variation in morphological and acoustic features of the northern populations of Long-tailed Tits (Aegithalos caudatus, Passeriformes, Aegithalidae). Zool. Zhurn., 96:429-438.

[pdf]

(Russian with English abstract.)

The geographical variability of morphological and bioacoustic features of long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus) was considered in populations ranging from Scandinavia and Eastern Europe to the Pacific coast, with the validity of the questioned subspecies Ae. c. japonicus, Ae. c. brachyurus and Ae. c. sibiricus tested. Based on a study of 9 morphometric features and 3 characters of coloration across the distribution area of white-headed long-tailed tits, from Eastern Europe and Scandinavia to Primorye and Sakhalin, variations in these features are shown to be either slightly fluctuating or clinal. Vocalizations in the nominate subspecies were analyzed for the first time. When comparing both morphological and acoustic features of the samples from adjacent regions, no significant differences were found; hence the names Ae. c. sibiricus and Ae. c. brachyurus must be considered as synonymous with the nominate subspecies Ae. c. caudatus. Only the populations of long-tailed tits from the southern Kuril Islands and Hokkaido can be regarded as a separate subspecies, Ae. c. japonicus.
Keywords: long-tailed tit, geographic variation, geographical races, Aegithalos caudatus, morphological characteristics, vocal repertoire, new synonymy
 
Dai, Hao, He, Lei. 2017. The absence of reproductive isolation between non-sister and deeply diverged mitochondrial lineages of the black-throated tit (Aegithalos concinnus) revealed by a multilocus genetic analysis in a contact zone. BMC Evol. Biol. 17:266.
[whole paper]
 
Robert M. Zink, Garth M. Spellman, Ricardo Canales-del-Castillo, Kevin Epperly, and John Klicka (2023) Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of the Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus). Wilson Journal of Ornithology 135: 22-30.

Abstract
We sequenced the mitochondrial ND2 gene for 290 Bushtits (Psaltriparus minimus) sampled from northern Washington to Guatemala. Phylogenetic analysis sorted specimens into 2 main lineages residing either west (coastal) or east (inland) of the Sierra Nevada and Cascades. These lineages are separated by 3.5% sequence divergence and correspond with the distributions of 2 long-recognized phenotype groupings (brown-capped and plumbeous, respectively). Three additional monophyletic geographically structured lineages were identified. Birds from southmost Baja California (Sierra de la Laguna) segregate from other coastal samples whereas the inland lineage includes additional lineages occurring in southeastern Mexico (Morelos, Puebla, Guerrero, and Oaxaca) plus Guatemala, and southwestern Mexico (Michoacán). Examination of museum specimens revealed that a black-eared phenotype occurs sporadically in the interior lineage in southern U.S. and northern Mexico, increasing in frequency to the south, corresponding roughly with these southern Mexican mtDNA lineages. Degree of sequence divergence between the 2 main lineages suggests a relatively early divergence, and ample time for 2-way introgression to occur. However, only 1 of our sampling localities (Lake Co., Oregon; n = 4) was mixed for coastal (n = 1) and interior (n = 3) lineages suggesting the possibility of reproductive isolation between the 2 main lineages.
 

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