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Pycnonotidae (1 Viewer)
- Thread starter Peter Kovalik
- Start date
Peter Kovalik
Well-known member
Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
Awesome :eek!: :eek!:
The fine detail some of the Philippine species looks highly dubious to me. The results show Thapsinillas as closer to Hypsipetes guimarasensis than H. philippinus is. This makes no sense morphologically or biogeographically. I also doubt that H. siquijorensis is closer to philippinus than guimarasensis is, though it is less impossible. I suspect there is a problem either with the sequence lengths or the statistics. It would have been nice to see a comparison of H. monticola, H. siquijorensis and H. cinereiceps, and also everetti, haynaldi and catarmanensis too.
Des
l_raty
laurent raty
Hypsipetes leucocephalus and Cerasophila thompsoni having near-identical sequences is another thing that may seem a bit improbable.
Peter Kovalik
Well-known member
Peter Kovalik
Well-known member
Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
Tif Update April 29, 2017
Bulbuls: Based on Manawatthana et al. (2017), Charlotte's Bulbul, Iole charlottae (inc. perplexa) has been split from Buff-vented Bulbul, Iole olivacea, and Cachar Bulbul, Iole cacharensis, has been split from Olive Bulbul, Iole virescens. Moreover, the subspecies lekhakuni and cinnamo[no]meoventris have been transferred from Gray-eyed Bulbul, Iole propinqua to Olive Bulbul, Iole virescens while myitkyinensis has moved the other way, from Olive Bulbul to Gray-eyed Bulbul.
The scientific name of Olive Bulbul has been corrected to Iole viridescens and the scientific name of Buff-vented Bulbul has been corrected to Iole crypta (see H&M-4).
[Pycnonotidae, Sylvioidea II, 3.03]
Also, based on Shakya & Sheldon, Arizelocichla and Chloricichla are not monophyletic. II would be tempted to go further by merging Arizelocichla and Chlorocichla into Baeopogon.
Bulbuls: Based on Manawatthana et al. (2017), Charlotte's Bulbul, Iole charlottae (inc. perplexa) has been split from Buff-vented Bulbul, Iole olivacea, and Cachar Bulbul, Iole cacharensis, has been split from Olive Bulbul, Iole virescens. Moreover, the subspecies lekhakuni and cinnamo[no]meoventris have been transferred from Gray-eyed Bulbul, Iole propinqua to Olive Bulbul, Iole virescens while myitkyinensis has moved the other way, from Olive Bulbul to Gray-eyed Bulbul.
The scientific name of Olive Bulbul has been corrected to Iole viridescens and the scientific name of Buff-vented Bulbul has been corrected to Iole crypta (see H&M-4).
[Pycnonotidae, Sylvioidea II, 3.03]
Also, based on Shakya & Sheldon, Arizelocichla and Chloricichla are not monophyletic. II would be tempted to go further by merging Arizelocichla and Chlorocichla into Baeopogon.
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Peter Kovalik
Well-known member
Phyllastrephus leucolepis
J. Martin Collinson, Martin Päckert, Yvonne Lawrie, Wulf Gatter, Till Töpfer, Ben Phalan & Lincoln Fishpool. Taxonomic status of the Liberian Greenbul Phyllastrephus leucolepis and the conservation importance of the Cavalla Forest, Liberia. Journal of Ornithology, First Online: 12 July 2017.
[pdf]
HBWAlive:
J. Martin Collinson, Martin Päckert, Yvonne Lawrie, Wulf Gatter, Till Töpfer, Ben Phalan & Lincoln Fishpool. Taxonomic status of the Liberian Greenbul Phyllastrephus leucolepis and the conservation importance of the Cavalla Forest, Liberia. Journal of Ornithology, First Online: 12 July 2017.
[pdf]
HBWAlive:
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Daniel Philippe
Well-known member
Peter Kovalik
Well-known member
Phyllastrephus leucolepis
The taxonomic status of Liberian Greenbul (Phyllastrephus leucolepis)
There has been a reassessment of the taxonomic status of Icterine Greenbul (Phyllastrephus icterinus) and Liberian Greenbul (Phyllastrephus leucolepis).
Phyllastrephus icterinus (HBW and BirdLife International 2017) was previously split as Icterine Greenbul P. icterinus and Liberian Greenbul P. leucolepis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016), but P. leucolepis is now considered a junior synonym of P. icterinus. This follows analysis by Collinson et al. (2017) who showed that leucolepis falls within the range of intraspecific genetic variation observed in icterinus and most likely represents a plumage variant of it.
The taxonomic status of Liberian Greenbul (Phyllastrephus leucolepis)
There has been a reassessment of the taxonomic status of Icterine Greenbul (Phyllastrephus icterinus) and Liberian Greenbul (Phyllastrephus leucolepis).
Phyllastrephus icterinus (HBW and BirdLife International 2017) was previously split as Icterine Greenbul P. icterinus and Liberian Greenbul P. leucolepis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016), but P. leucolepis is now considered a junior synonym of P. icterinus. This follows analysis by Collinson et al. (2017) who showed that leucolepis falls within the range of intraspecific genetic variation observed in icterinus and most likely represents a plumage variant of it.
Peter Kovalik
Well-known member
Phyllastrephus leucolepis
IOC Updates Diary Oct 23
Post proposed status of Liberian Greenbul as plumage variant of Icterine Greenbul on Updates/PL
IOC Updates Diary Oct 23
Post proposed status of Liberian Greenbul as plumage variant of Icterine Greenbul on Updates/PL
Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
Jerry W Huntley Johanna A Harvey Marco Pavia Giovanni Boano Gary Voelker, 2017. The systematics and biogeography of the Bearded Greenbuls (Aves: Criniger) reveals the impact of Plio-Pleistocene forest fragmentation on Afro-tropical avian diversity
Full text
Abstract
The biogeographical history of Afro-tropical lowland forests during the Plio-Pleistocene is characterized by pervasive fragmentation-coalescence cycling due to global climatic oscillations. Vicariance scenarios driven by forest fragmentation have long been hypothesized as major mechanisms for the creation and maintenance of Afro-tropical avian diversity. However, the timing and centre of diversification events remains unclear. We undertook the first molecular phylogenetic and biogeographic investigation of the avian genus Criniger, a group of understory birds endemic to the lowland forests of West and Central Africa. Utilizing DNA from 43 specimens and a combination of molecular and biogeographic methods, we constructed time-calibrated phylogenies and ancestral area estimations. We estimated a widespread origin for the genus, with a basal divergence dating to the late Miocene. All other speciation events were dated to the Pliocene. However, we recovered substantial geographic structuring of genetic diversity, dating to the Pleistocene, within both Western and Central Africa for three species. The biogeographic patterns observed in the genus Criniger are likely the result of allopatric diversification driven by forest fragmentation during the Plio-Pleistocene. The results of this study indicate that Afro-tropical forests harbour substantially higher levels of cryptic diversity and greater genetic complexity than previously hypothesized.
Full text
Abstract
The biogeographical history of Afro-tropical lowland forests during the Plio-Pleistocene is characterized by pervasive fragmentation-coalescence cycling due to global climatic oscillations. Vicariance scenarios driven by forest fragmentation have long been hypothesized as major mechanisms for the creation and maintenance of Afro-tropical avian diversity. However, the timing and centre of diversification events remains unclear. We undertook the first molecular phylogenetic and biogeographic investigation of the avian genus Criniger, a group of understory birds endemic to the lowland forests of West and Central Africa. Utilizing DNA from 43 specimens and a combination of molecular and biogeographic methods, we constructed time-calibrated phylogenies and ancestral area estimations. We estimated a widespread origin for the genus, with a basal divergence dating to the late Miocene. All other speciation events were dated to the Pliocene. However, we recovered substantial geographic structuring of genetic diversity, dating to the Pleistocene, within both Western and Central Africa for three species. The biogeographic patterns observed in the genus Criniger are likely the result of allopatric diversification driven by forest fragmentation during the Plio-Pleistocene. The results of this study indicate that Afro-tropical forests harbour substantially higher levels of cryptic diversity and greater genetic complexity than previously hypothesized.
Peter Kovalik
Well-known member
Phyllastrephus leucolepis
IOC Updates Diary Dec 21
Lump (variant plumage) Liberian Greenbul with Icterine Greenbul
IOC Updates Diary Dec 21
Lump (variant plumage) Liberian Greenbul with Icterine Greenbul
Peter Kovalik
Well-known member
Daniel Philippe
Well-known member
Kenyan greenbuls
De Santis V., Mwinami T., Chesire D., Musina J., Zaccara S., Kioko E., Owino J.J., Oduma J.A., Ayiemba W., Harper D.M. & Crosa G., in press. Molecular pilot study on peripheral populations of Kenyan greenbul in an afromontane fragmented forest. Afr. J. Ecol.
Abstract
We provide a molecular study on peripheral populations of three closely related species of African forest-dependent greenbuls: the generalist Eurillas latirostris and the specialists Phyllastrephus cabanisi and Arizelocichla nigriceps. These species co-occur within their range limits in the Kenyan Afromontane forest, Cherangani Hills. This forest has experienced drastic deforestation, which began about 50 years ago, that is causing habitat fragmentation. The aims of this study, using the analyses of molecular tools, are twofold: (i) to provide evidence that functional traits (i.e., ecological attributes) may shape different genetic structure in peripheral populations and (ii) to identify the possible effects of forest fragmentation. Blood and plucked feathers were sampled from a total of 124 birds analysed using two molecular approaches: (i) sequencing of cytochrome b mtDNA and (ii) genotyping nuclear DNA at eight microsatellite loci. Molecular diversity indices, minimum spanning network and mismatch distribution analysis of mtDNA results indicated that the peripheral populations showed different demographic trends: a highly variable and bimodal pattern in forest specialist P. cabanisi, a less variable and unimodal pattern in forest generalist E. latirostris and in the montane specialist A. nigriceps. Although this is a pilot study on the Cherangani forest fragmentation, the nuclear results may not exclude the hypothesis of reduced connectivity in all forest-dependent greenbuls.
De Santis V., Mwinami T., Chesire D., Musina J., Zaccara S., Kioko E., Owino J.J., Oduma J.A., Ayiemba W., Harper D.M. & Crosa G., in press. Molecular pilot study on peripheral populations of Kenyan greenbul in an afromontane fragmented forest. Afr. J. Ecol.
Abstract
We provide a molecular study on peripheral populations of three closely related species of African forest-dependent greenbuls: the generalist Eurillas latirostris and the specialists Phyllastrephus cabanisi and Arizelocichla nigriceps. These species co-occur within their range limits in the Kenyan Afromontane forest, Cherangani Hills. This forest has experienced drastic deforestation, which began about 50 years ago, that is causing habitat fragmentation. The aims of this study, using the analyses of molecular tools, are twofold: (i) to provide evidence that functional traits (i.e., ecological attributes) may shape different genetic structure in peripheral populations and (ii) to identify the possible effects of forest fragmentation. Blood and plucked feathers were sampled from a total of 124 birds analysed using two molecular approaches: (i) sequencing of cytochrome b mtDNA and (ii) genotyping nuclear DNA at eight microsatellite loci. Molecular diversity indices, minimum spanning network and mismatch distribution analysis of mtDNA results indicated that the peripheral populations showed different demographic trends: a highly variable and bimodal pattern in forest specialist P. cabanisi, a less variable and unimodal pattern in forest generalist E. latirostris and in the montane specialist A. nigriceps. Although this is a pilot study on the Cherangani forest fragmentation, the nuclear results may not exclude the hypothesis of reduced connectivity in all forest-dependent greenbuls.
Peter Kovalik
Well-known member
Peter Kovalik
Well-known member
Giorgio Aimassi & Edward C. Dickinson. Hemixus sumatranus Wardlaw Ramsay, 1882, and Hemixus sumatranus Salvadori, 1888. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 138(2):135-139. 2018.
Abstract:
Eight specimens collected in 1878 by the Italian explorer Odoardo Beccari have provided one or more type specimens for two seemingly identical names given to the Sunda Bulbul of Sumatra, now treated as a subspecies of Ixos virescens or perhaps a full species. These names are Hemixus sumatranus Wardlaw Ramsay, 1882, and Hemixus sumatranus Salvadori, 1888. The International code of zoological nomenclature is not clearly explicit on the treatment of a name that when introduced was simultaneously a junior homonym and an objective junior synonym. While both names are available, the junior one is invalid because of its homonymy. Because both names are available, both have type material and this is not identical. Here we clarify the situation and the type material applicable.
[pdf]
Abstract:
Eight specimens collected in 1878 by the Italian explorer Odoardo Beccari have provided one or more type specimens for two seemingly identical names given to the Sunda Bulbul of Sumatra, now treated as a subspecies of Ixos virescens or perhaps a full species. These names are Hemixus sumatranus Wardlaw Ramsay, 1882, and Hemixus sumatranus Salvadori, 1888. The International code of zoological nomenclature is not clearly explicit on the treatment of a name that when introduced was simultaneously a junior homonym and an objective junior synonym. While both names are available, the junior one is invalid because of its homonymy. Because both names are available, both have type material and this is not identical. Here we clarify the situation and the type material applicable.
[pdf]
l_raty
laurent raty
The valid name of Pycnonotus atriceps -- or: AOU vs. ICZN
Trying to understand why we currently keep calling the Black-headed Bulbul 'atriceps' instead of 'melanocephalus'...
- Lanius melanocephalos Gmelin 1788:309 [OD]
- Turdus atriceps Temminck 1822 [OD]
The first and oldest of these two names was in universal use until Oberholser in 1917 [here] (f.n. 4) declared it preoccupied due to a primary homonymy with:
- Lanius collurio, var. ε melanocephalus Gmelin 1788:301 [OD]
...and replaced it with atriceps.
Oberholser 1917 was, I think, applying the rules of the AOU Code of Nomenclature of 1908 (which he contributed to edit). (While we, in principle, should be applying the rules of the 4th edition of the ICZN of 1999. Or...?)
1a) AOU 1908, Canon XXX, (b), stated:
1b) ICZN 1999, Article 57.6, says:
2a) AOU 1908, Canon XVII, stated:
2b) ICZN 1999, Article 24, says:
Trying to understand why we currently keep calling the Black-headed Bulbul 'atriceps' instead of 'melanocephalus'...
- Lanius melanocephalos Gmelin 1788:309 [OD]
- Turdus atriceps Temminck 1822 [OD]
The first and oldest of these two names was in universal use until Oberholser in 1917 [here] (f.n. 4) declared it preoccupied due to a primary homonymy with:
- Lanius collurio, var. ε melanocephalus Gmelin 1788:301 [OD]
...and replaced it with atriceps.
Oberholser 1917 was, I think, applying the rules of the AOU Code of Nomenclature of 1908 (which he contributed to edit). (While we, in principle, should be applying the rules of the 4th edition of the ICZN of 1999. Or...?)
1a) AOU 1908, Canon XXX, (b), stated:
Thus, back then and there, melanocephalus (Latin ending) and melanocephalos (same word, Greek ending) were indeed to be treated as identical.
1b) ICZN 1999, Article 57.6, says:
Article 58 specifies:
melanocephalos and melanocephalus differ by the use of o and u, respectively, as their penultimate letter; this type of difference is not listed in Article 58, thus is sufficient to prevent homonymy as per Article 57.6. If the names are not homonyms under the present Code, there is no way that one can preoccupy the other.
2a) AOU 1908, Canon XVII, stated:
Thus, back then and there, a name appearing on p. 301 of a book was indeed to be given precedence over a name appearing on p. 309.
2b) ICZN 1999, Article 24, says:
The two names were published simultaneously but at different ranks. Should they be homonyms (they are not), Art. 24.1 would apply (NB: excluding Art. 24.2; no First Reviser act is possible): it is the name proposed for a full species (i.e., Lanius melanocephalos) that would automatically take precedence over the name proposed for a variety (Lanius collurio, var. ε melanocephalus). Not the opposite, and irrespective of where they appear in the book.
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