White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi)

This close relative of the widespread Glossy Ibis replaces that species in western North America. Immatures such as this are almost impossible to distinguish from Glossy Ibis unless the diagnostic red eye of White-faced can be seen. As both species expand their ranges, hybrids between the two occur further complicating field identification. However only White-faced is expected in California with few records of Glossy. In the past, populations of White-faced Ibis breeding in California collapsed when summer wetlands were drained for mosquito abatement. However more modern methods of wetland management have resulted in a significant recovery of this species in recent years.