Baikal Teal - BirdForum Opus

Male
Photo © by Florian Andronache
Danube Delta, Bucov, Romania, 22 April 2007

Sibirionetta formosa

Female left, male right
Photo © by Joseph Morlan
Saku--Saku Regulating Pond, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, 15 February 2019

Identification

39-43 cm (15 ¼-17 in)

• Male:
• Green cap and nape
• Creamy-yellow face
• Pale supercilium
• Pinkish spotted breast
• White vertical line at the side of the breast
• Green speculum with buffish bar above
• Grey flanks
  

Female and Juvenile:

• Overall brown with bold white lore spot at base of bill.
• Black line from eye to chin
• Dark crown and eye-stripe

Immature
Immature males show partial white shoulder stripes and have a buffy, not white supercilium. They also lack the white trim along the lower border of the green face patch typical of fully adult males. In this species, some juvenal plumage feathers are known to persist until the following summer^[11], while adults usually attain full plumage by late fall^[12].

Similar Species

Female and juvenile similar to female and juvenile Green-winged Teal and Garganey, but are longer tailed with crown slightly peaked. White lore spot distinctive. Males unlikely to be confused with other species, but some hybrid ducks are known to have a Baikal Teal-like head pattern.

Distribution

Breeds in eastern Siberia from Yenisey Valley east to Kamchatka and Sea of Okhotsk coast. Winters mainly in Japan, South Korea and mainland China; rare winter visitor to Taiwan and Hong Kong. Rare vagrant to Alaska, western North America, western Europe and southern Asia.

Some occurrences outside normal range may be escaped captives.

Taxonomy

This is a monotypic species^[1]. Formerly placed in genus Anas.

A genetic study by Johnson and Sorenson^[9] indicated that Baikal Teal is not closely related to any other Anas species. This finding was confirmed by Gonzalez et al.^[8] who recommended placing Baikal Teal in its own monotypic genus Sibirionetta, a proposal adopted in 2017 in the 58th supplement to the AOU checklist^[7]. King^[10] noted that Anas hybrids often show Baikal-like facial patterns, and speculated that this may be a reappearance of characters that are ancestral to the whole dabbling duck tribe.

Habitat

Breeds at pools on the tundra edge and within swampy forests.
Winters on estuaries, inshore waters, reservoirs and even castle moats.

Behaviour

Actions

Massive aerial maneuvers when approaching or leaving roost.

Breeding

They build nests in open tussock meadows near to water. Six to nine pale grey-green eggs are laid.

Diet

A dabbling duck. They eat seeds, leaves, stems and other vegetative parts of grasses, sedges, aquatic plants and crops (e.g. rice in winter); also aquatic invertebrates.

Vocalisations

Males incessantly produce deep, chuckling sound occasionally in autumn, but more often in spring. Female gives a harsh, low quack.

Movements

Migratory: they winter mainly between mid Nov to late February or early March.

References

1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
2. Peterson, RT, G Mountfort and PAD Hollom. 1993. Collins Field Guide – Birds of Britain and Europe, 5th Revised edition. London: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0002199001
3. Mullarney, K., Svensson, L., Zetterstrom, D. & Grant, P.J. (1999) Collins Bird Guide, Harper Collins ISBN 0 00 219728 6
4. BirdForum Member observations
5. BirdLife International 2016. Sibirionetta formosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22680317A92855272. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680317A92855272.en. Downloaded on 22 April 2019.
6. Carboneras, C. & Kirwan, G.M. (2019). Baikal Teal (Sibirionetta formosa). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/52867 on 22 April 2019).
7. Chesser, R.T., Burns, K.J., Cicero,C., Dunn, J.L., Kratter, A.W., Lovette, I.J., Rasmussen, P.C., Remsen, Jr., J.V., Rising, J.D., Stotz, D.F., Winker, K. (2017) Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk: Ornithological Advances 134(3):751–773, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-17-72.1
8. Gonzalez, J. , H. Düttmann , and M. Wink. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships based on two mitochondrial genes and hybridization patterns in Anatidae. Journal of Zoology 279: 310–318.
9. Johnson K.P. & M.D. Sorenson (1999). Phylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks (genus Anas): a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence. Auk 116: 792- 805.
10. King, J.R. (1999) OrnithoNews: Taxonomy of Anas ducks: Green-winged Teal is a separate species. Birding World 12(6):344.
11. Madge, S. & H. Burn (1988) Waterfowl: An identification guide to the ducks geese and swans of the world. Houghton Mifflin
12. Palmer, R.S. (1976) Handbook of North American Birds Vol. 2: Waterfowl (Part 1). Yale Univ. Press.
13. Howell, Steve N. G., Ian Lewington, and Will Russell. 2014. Rare Birds of North America: Princeton Univ. Press.
14. Birds Korea website

• List of references

Recommended Citation

• BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Baikal Teal. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 11 September 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Baikal_Teal

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