White-vented Euphonia - BirdForum Opus

Adult male, Subspecies minuta
Photo © by Anselmo d Affonseca
Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 15 September 2012

Euphonia minuta

Identification

9 cm (3½ in)
Male

Blue black upperparts head, throat and upper chest
Yellow forehead
White belly and crissum

Female

Olive above
Olive-yellow breast band and flanks
Whitish belly and crissum

Distribution

Central and South America
Central America: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama
South America: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil

Taxonomy

Immature male, subspecies humilis
Photo © by ramontranquilo
Bastimentos Island, Bocas del Toro, Panama, 7 September 2010

Subspecies

There are 2 subspecies^[1]:

E. m. humilis:

Gulf slope of south-eastern Mexico (south-eastern Chiapas) to western Ecuador

E. m. minuta:

Colombia east of Andes to the Guianas, northern Bolivia and western Brazil

Habitat

Humid and wet lowland forests and forest edges. Occasionally observed in the canopy.

Behaviour

Diet

Their main diet consists of mistletoe berries, with the addition of other small fruit and insects.

Breeding

They build a spherical nest with a small circular entrance. They may have a second brood.

References

Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
Avibase
Arthur Grosset
Hilty, S. (2019). White-vented Euphonia (Euphonia minuta). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/61800 on 4 August 2019).
Schulenberg, T. S. & Stotz, D. F. & Lane, D. F. & O'Neill, J. P. & Parker III, T. A. & Egg, A. B. (2010). Birds of Peru: Revised and Updated Edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691130231
White-vented Euphonia (Euphonia minuta), In Neotropical Birds Online (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. retrieved from Neotropical Birds Online: https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/whveup1
Zuccon, Dario; Prys-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2): 581ñ596. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002. PMID 22023825.

List of references

Recommended Citation

BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) White-vented Euphonia. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 25 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/White-vented_Euphonia

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