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| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:Brambling-IMG 7913.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Breeding male<br />Photo © by {{user|jmorlan|Joseph Morlan}}<br />On ship off Commander Islands, [[Russia]], 12 May 2017]] |
;[[:Category:Fringilla|Fringilla]] montifringilla | ;[[:Category:Fringilla|Fringilla]] montifringilla | ||
| − | |||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | 13·5–16 cm (5¼-6¼ in) | + | [[Image:Brambling.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Winter male<br />Photo © by {{user|Gerd+Rossen|Gerd Rossen}}<br />Northern [[Germany]], 5 January 2004]] |
| + | 13·5–16 cm (5¼-6¼ in)<br /> | ||
'''Male''' | '''Male''' | ||
Breeding | Breeding | ||
| − | :* | + | :*Glossy bluish-black head, nape, shoulders and mantle |
:*Orange breast and wing patch | :*Orange breast and wing patch | ||
:*White belly | :*White belly | ||
:*Black and white wings | :*Black and white wings | ||
| − | :*White rump<br /> | + | :*White rump |
| + | :*Black bill<br /> | ||
Non-breeding | Non-breeding | ||
| − | |||
:*Black upperparts are speckled and duller | :*Black upperparts are speckled and duller | ||
:*Yellow bill | :*Yellow bill | ||
| − | '''Female''': similar to winter male, but with a grey crown | + | '''Female''': similar to winter male, but with a grey crown<br /> |
| + | '''Juvenile''': the white rump has a yellow tinge, | ||
====Similar Species==== | ====Similar Species==== | ||
[[Chaffinch]]: male has a grey head, nape and bill. Green rump. | [[Chaffinch]]: male has a grey head, nape and bill. Green rump. | ||
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | [[Image:867BlvFMbp2.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo © by {{user|Raydes|Raydes}}<br />Blaasveld, [[Belgium]], 19 February 2004]] | ||
Breeds throughout [[Norway]] and in all but southernmost parts of [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]], in [[Estonia]] and across northern [[Russia]] east to the Urals. An isolated population breeds in the Alps in northern [[Italy]] and has bred in [[Iceland]], north-central [[Scotland]], [[Netherlands]], [[Germany]] and [[Denmark]]. | Breeds throughout [[Norway]] and in all but southernmost parts of [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]], in [[Estonia]] and across northern [[Russia]] east to the Urals. An isolated population breeds in the Alps in northern [[Italy]] and has bred in [[Iceland]], north-central [[Scotland]], [[Netherlands]], [[Germany]] and [[Denmark]]. | ||
A migratory species with autumn passage mainly in mid-September to October, sometimes November with most birds moving south or south-west through [[Europe]]. Widespread in winter throughout Europe south of breeding range occurring west to [[Iberia]] and south to the [[Mediterranean]], [[Turkey]] and the [[Middle East]]. Return passage takes place in March-mid May. | A migratory species with autumn passage mainly in mid-September to October, sometimes November with most birds moving south or south-west through [[Europe]]. Widespread in winter throughout Europe south of breeding range occurring west to [[Iberia]] and south to the [[Mediterranean]], [[Turkey]] and the [[Middle East]]. Return passage takes place in March-mid May. | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | Vagrants recorded in [[Iceland]] and [[Faroes]] and has bred in both, also recorded in the [[Canary Islands|Canaries]], [[Madeira]], [[Cyprus]] and [[ | + | Vagrants recorded in [[Iceland]] and [[Faroes]] and has bred in both, also recorded in the [[Canary Islands|Canaries]], [[Madeira]], [[Cyprus]] and North [[Africa]], [[Jordan]] and [[Iraq]]. |
| + | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
This is a [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. | This is a [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. | ||
| − | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | Breeds in open coniferous forest, birch woodland and riverine willows and winters along woodland edges close to open farmland and especially stubble fields. In some areas large numbers gather in autumn and winter in | + | [[Image:064A5980.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo © by {{user|Macswede|Macswede}}<br />Fulufjället National Park, [[Sweden]], 15 July 2019]] |
| + | Breeds in open coniferous forest, birch woodland and riverine willows and winters along woodland edges close to open farmland and especially stubble fields. In some areas large numbers gather in autumn and winter in beech woods to feed on beech mast, also fond of hornbeam seeds. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | In winter usually found in large mixed flocks with other finches. | + | In winter usually found in large mixed flocks with other finches mostly feeding in stubble fields lined with trees and bushes. They will visit garden feeders, especially in hard weather. |
| + | |||
| + | Flight is very similar to [[Chaffinch]]. | ||
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
| − | [[ | + | [[Dictionary_P-S#M|Monogamous]]. The female builds the cup shaped nest, in the fork of a birch (sometimes a spruce) tree, from moss, grass, bark, lichen and hair, lining it with feathers and wool. The clutch generally consists of around 5-7 eggs which are shiny, greenish through to brownish with dark brown markings which are incubated by the female for 11-12 days. The young are fed by both adults and fledge after 11-13 days. There may be a second brood in [[Siberia]] and [[Russia]]. |
| − | The female builds the cup shaped nest, in a | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | + | [[Image:Brambling 6041.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo © by the late '''[http://www.birdforum.net/gallery/showgallery.php?cat=500&ppuser=35827 Jim Wood]'''<br />[[Scotland|Scottish highlands]], 21 December 2012 ]] | |
| + | Their diet consists of seeds, fruit and, during the breeding season small insects and their larvae. In the winter they are particularly fond of beech mast. | ||
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
<flashmp3>Fringilla montifringilla (song).mp3</flashmp3><br /> | <flashmp3>Fringilla montifringilla (song).mp3</flashmp3><br /> | ||
| − | ''[[Media:Fringilla montifringilla (song).mp3|Listen | + | ''[[Media:Fringilla montifringilla (song).mp3|Listen to Brambling voice clip]]'' |
| + | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#[http://www.garden-birds.co.uk/birds/brambling.html British Garden Birds] |
| − | # | + | #Brazil, M. (2009). Birds of East Asia. Princeton Univ. Press. |
| + | #Clement, P. & Arkhipov, V. (2017). Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/61288 on 30 June 2017 and September 2018). | ||
| + | #Clement, P., A. Harris, and J. Davis. 1993. Finches and Sparrows: An Identification Guide. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N. J. | ||
| + | #Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6 | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
| + | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Fringilla_montifringilla}} | {{GSearch|Fringilla_montifringilla}} | ||
Revision as of 22:32, 10 September 2019
- Fringilla montifringilla
Identification
13·5–16 cm (5¼-6¼ in)
Male
Breeding
- Glossy bluish-black head, nape, shoulders and mantle
- Orange breast and wing patch
- White belly
- Black and white wings
- White rump
- Black bill
Non-breeding
- Black upperparts are speckled and duller
- Yellow bill
Female: similar to winter male, but with a grey crown
Juvenile: the white rump has a yellow tinge,
Similar Species
Chaffinch: male has a grey head, nape and bill. Green rump.
Distribution
Breeds throughout Norway and in all but southernmost parts of Sweden and Finland, in Estonia and across northern Russia east to the Urals. An isolated population breeds in the Alps in northern Italy and has bred in Iceland, north-central Scotland, Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.
A migratory species with autumn passage mainly in mid-September to October, sometimes November with most birds moving south or south-west through Europe. Widespread in winter throughout Europe south of breeding range occurring west to Iberia and south to the Mediterranean, Turkey and the Middle East. Return passage takes place in March-mid May.
Vagrants recorded in Iceland and Faroes and has bred in both, also recorded in the Canaries, Madeira, Cyprus and North Africa, Jordan and Iraq.
Taxonomy
This is a monotypic species[1].
Habitat
Breeds in open coniferous forest, birch woodland and riverine willows and winters along woodland edges close to open farmland and especially stubble fields. In some areas large numbers gather in autumn and winter in beech woods to feed on beech mast, also fond of hornbeam seeds.
Behaviour
In winter usually found in large mixed flocks with other finches mostly feeding in stubble fields lined with trees and bushes. They will visit garden feeders, especially in hard weather.
Flight is very similar to Chaffinch.
Breeding
Monogamous. The female builds the cup shaped nest, in the fork of a birch (sometimes a spruce) tree, from moss, grass, bark, lichen and hair, lining it with feathers and wool. The clutch generally consists of around 5-7 eggs which are shiny, greenish through to brownish with dark brown markings which are incubated by the female for 11-12 days. The young are fed by both adults and fledge after 11-13 days. There may be a second brood in Siberia and Russia.
Diet
Their diet consists of seeds, fruit and, during the breeding season small insects and their larvae. In the winter they are particularly fond of beech mast.
Vocalisation
<flashmp3>Fringilla montifringilla (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen to Brambling voice clip
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- British Garden Birds
- Brazil, M. (2009). Birds of East Asia. Princeton Univ. Press.
- Clement, P. & Arkhipov, V. (2017). Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/61288 on 30 June 2017 and September 2018).
- Clement, P., A. Harris, and J. Davis. 1993. Finches and Sparrows: An Identification Guide. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N. J.
- Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Brambling. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 24 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Brambling
External Links
