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Difference between revisions of "Eastern Shrike-tit" - BirdForum Opus

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(Imp sizes. Picture of female. Basic tidy-up. References updated)
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{{stub}}
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[[Image:Eastern_or_Crested_Shrike_Tit.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|rebelxt|rebelxt}}<br />Adelaide, [[Australia]], November 2005]]
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;Falcunculus frontatus
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'''Alternative name: Eastern Shrike-tit'''
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[[Image:Eastern_or_Crested_Shrike_Tit.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by rebelxt <br>Photographed:  Adelaide, Australia]]
 
  
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;[[:Category:Falcunculus|Falcunculus]] frontatus
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'''Includes Northern Shrike-tit and Western Shrike-tit'''
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
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[[Image:IMG 62524.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female, nominate subspecies<br />Photo by {{user|woom|woom}}<br />Benalla wetlands, [[Victoria]], Australia, July 2015]]
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16–19 cm (6¼-7½ in)
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*Dull green back and wings
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*Yellow belly
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*Boldly marked black and white head
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*Small black crest.
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*Bill is unusually deep, strong and hooked
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Females are similar to males but have a dark olive-green throat.
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====Variations====
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''Leucogaster'' has a white belly.<br />
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''Whitei'' is smaller and paler.<br />
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==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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[[Australia]].<br />
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''Leucogaster'' is currently in decline due to loss of habitat and is considered vulnerable. The nominate form is of least concern.
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
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====Subspecies====
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[[Image:Northern_(crested)_shrike-tit.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Northern Shrike-tit (''whitei'')<br />Photo by {{user|tcollins|tcollins}}<br />Katherine Region, [[Northern Territory]], [[Australia]], October 2007]]
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Clements accepts three subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
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* ''F. f. frontatus'' (Eastern Shrike-tit):
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:*from South East [[Australia]]
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* ''F. f. leucogaster'' (Western Shrike-tit):
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:*from Southwest Western [[Australia]]
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* ''F. f. whitei'' (Northern Shrike-tit);
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:*from N [[Australia]]
  
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The Crested Shrike-tit is currently regarded as having three subspecies.
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Some authorities (Howard & Moore) merit full species status to all three forms. However neither Clements nor Sibley & Monroe have accepted this split and the Opus awaits further clarification.
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Eastern or Crested Shriketit (<i>Falcunculus frontatus</i>) which is of least concern and inhabits a wide range on the eastern part of Australia.
 
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Western Shrike-tit (<i>Falcunculus leucogaster</i>) - This sub-species has a white belly and inhabits restricted areas in the South-west of Australia.  It is currently in declie due to loss of habitat and is considered vulnerable.
 
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Northern Shrike-tit (<i>Falcunculus whitei</i>) - This sub-species inhabits far northern woodlands.  It is classified as endangered, having also suffered from extreme loss of habitat.
 
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Some field guides consider these to be separate species due to their morphological differences and the isolation of the populations, but they are still officially regarded as sub-species for the time being.
 
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==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
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Eucalypt forests and woodlands. Also in riparian vegetation.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
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====Diet====
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Feeds mainly on insects, takes also spiders, fruit seeds and arils. Forages in trees, taking prey from barks or foliage.
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====Breeding====
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[[Image:35409Crested shrike-tit 001.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Western Shrike-tit (''leucogaster'')<br />Photo by {{user|aladyforty|aladyforty}}<br />Torbay, [[Western Australia]], July 2006]]
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Breeding season from August to January, usually double-brooded. The nest is a deep cup, made by the female  with bark strips and dry grass. It's placed 6 - 15m high in a tree fork. Lays 2 - 3 eggs.<br />
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Nests parasitized by [[Pallid Cuckoo]], [[Brush Cuckoo]] and [[Fan-tailed Cuckoo]].
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Resident with some local movements.
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==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#{{Ref-HBWVol12}}
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{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
 
{{GSearch|Falcunculus+frontatus}}
 
{{GSearch|Falcunculus+frontatus}}
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*[http://www.aviceda.org/abid/birdimages.php?action=birdspecies&fid=69&bid=1117 View more images of this species on the ABID]
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[[Category:Birds]]
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[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Falcunculus]]

Revision as of 22:49, 5 March 2018

Photo by rebelxt
Adelaide, Australia, November 2005

Alternative name: Eastern Shrike-tit

Falcunculus frontatus

Includes Northern Shrike-tit and Western Shrike-tit

Identification

Female, nominate subspecies
Photo by woom
Benalla wetlands, Victoria, Australia, July 2015

16–19 cm (6¼-7½ in)

  • Dull green back and wings
  • Yellow belly
  • Boldly marked black and white head
  • Small black crest.
  • Bill is unusually deep, strong and hooked

Females are similar to males but have a dark olive-green throat.

Variations

Leucogaster has a white belly.
Whitei is smaller and paler.

Distribution

Australia.
Leucogaster is currently in decline due to loss of habitat and is considered vulnerable. The nominate form is of least concern.

Taxonomy

Subspecies

Northern Shrike-tit (whitei)
Photo by tcollins
Katherine Region, Northern Territory, Australia, October 2007

Clements accepts three subspecies[1]:

  • F. f. frontatus (Eastern Shrike-tit):
  • F. f. leucogaster (Western Shrike-tit):
  • F. f. whitei (Northern Shrike-tit);

Some authorities (Howard & Moore) merit full species status to all three forms. However neither Clements nor Sibley & Monroe have accepted this split and the Opus awaits further clarification.

Habitat

Eucalypt forests and woodlands. Also in riparian vegetation.

Behaviour

Diet

Feeds mainly on insects, takes also spiders, fruit seeds and arils. Forages in trees, taking prey from barks or foliage.

Breeding

Western Shrike-tit (leucogaster)
Photo by aladyforty
Torbay, Western Australia, July 2006

Breeding season from August to January, usually double-brooded. The nest is a deep cup, made by the female with bark strips and dry grass. It's placed 6 - 15m high in a tree fork. Lays 2 - 3 eggs.
Nests parasitized by Pallid Cuckoo, Brush Cuckoo and Fan-tailed Cuckoo.

Resident with some local movements.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, and D Christie, eds. 2007. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553422

Recommended Citation

External Links

Retrieved from ‘https://www.birdforum.net/wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Shrike-tit&oldid=230134’
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