m (Variable Indigobird moved to Dusky Indigobird) |
(Picture of juvenile. Some minor re-organisation. References) |
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'''Alternative name: Variable Indigobird''' | '''Alternative name: Variable Indigobird''' | ||
| + | [[Image:23133disky indigobird DB.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male in breeding plumage.<br />Photo by {{user|megan+perkins|megan perkins}}<br />Creighton, [[South Africa]], January 2007]] | ||
;[[:Category:Vidua|Vidua]] funerea | ;[[:Category:Vidua|Vidua]] funerea | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | Length 11-12 cm, mass 15 g | + | Length 11-12 cm, mass 15 g<br /> |
| − | + | '''Adult breeding male''': Dull bluish or greenish black; Tail and flight feathers blackish brown. Eyes dark brown, bill white or pale pink, legs and feet orange-red.<br /> | |
| − | + | '''Adult non-breeding male and adult female''': Head with bold buff and dark brown stripes and back buff, streaked black. Greyish white below, darker on breast and flanks. | |
| − | + | ====Similar Species==== | |
The southern race can be distiguished from other Indigobirds by the pale bill and orange-red legs and feet. However, the northern race (found north of the Limpopo River) is very similar to the [[Purple Indigobird]]; here it is best distiguished by call. | The southern race can be distiguished from other Indigobirds by the pale bill and orange-red legs and feet. However, the northern race (found north of the Limpopo River) is very similar to the [[Purple Indigobird]]; here it is best distiguished by call. | ||
| − | + | [[Image:2006_1118_Vidua_funerea.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|Alan+Manson|Alan Manson}}<br />Pietermaritzburg, [[South Africa]]]] | |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Sub-Saharan [[Africa]]. Discontinuous; [[Malawi]], much of [[Zambia]], eastern [[Zimbabwe]], parts of [[Mozambique]], [[Swaziland]], [[Lesotho]] and eastern [[South Africa]]. There are isolated populations in [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]], [[Cameroon]] and [[Nigeria]]. | Sub-Saharan [[Africa]]. Discontinuous; [[Malawi]], much of [[Zambia]], eastern [[Zimbabwe]], parts of [[Mozambique]], [[Swaziland]], [[Lesotho]] and eastern [[South Africa]]. There are isolated populations in [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]], [[Cameroon]] and [[Nigeria]]. | ||
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*''V. f. funerea'' from eastern [[South Africa]], [[Swaziland]], [[Lesotho]] and [[Mozambique]] south of the Limpopo River; legs and feet orange-red in adult breeding male and pale purplish grey or pale orange in female; and | *''V. f. funerea'' from eastern [[South Africa]], [[Swaziland]], [[Lesotho]] and [[Mozambique]] south of the Limpopo River; legs and feet orange-red in adult breeding male and pale purplish grey or pale orange in female; and | ||
*''V. f. nigerrima'' from eastern [[Zimbabwe]] northwards; slightly smaller than the nominate race; the legs and feet are pale purple in both sexes. | *''V. f. nigerrima'' from eastern [[Zimbabwe]] northwards; slightly smaller than the nominate race; the legs and feet are pale purple in both sexes. | ||
| + | [[Image:800bb1aPC024559.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo by {{user|CollinBax|CollinBax}}<br />Imfolozi, [[KwaZulu-Natal]], December 2009]] | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Woodland, forest edges, grassy rank vegetation, cultivated lands and gardens. | Woodland, forest edges, grassy rank vegetation, cultivated lands and gardens. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | Forages on bare and sparsely vegetated ground for small seeds. Takes termite aletes in flight | + | ====Diet==== |
| − | + | Forages on bare and sparsely vegetated ground for small seeds. Takes termite aletes in flight. Females and nonbreeding males are inconspicuous, often feeding in mixed-species flocks. | |
| − | + | ====Breeding==== | |
| + | The Dusky Indigobird is a brood parasite, the host species being the [[African Firefinch]]. | ||
| + | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| + | Males are conspicuous in breeding season when they call for long periods from a prominent perch.<br /> | ||
| + | Male gives harsh 'chichichichi' call<br /> | ||
| + | '''Song''': incorporates both scratchy notes and trills and tinkling phrases from the song of the [[African Firefinch]] (host). | ||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}} | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Vidua+funerea}} | {{GSearch|Vidua+funerea}} | ||
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Vidua]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Vidua]] | ||
Revision as of 23:47, 9 March 2012
Alternative name: Variable Indigobird
- Vidua funerea
Identification
Length 11-12 cm, mass 15 g
Adult breeding male: Dull bluish or greenish black; Tail and flight feathers blackish brown. Eyes dark brown, bill white or pale pink, legs and feet orange-red.
Adult non-breeding male and adult female: Head with bold buff and dark brown stripes and back buff, streaked black. Greyish white below, darker on breast and flanks.
Similar Species
The southern race can be distiguished from other Indigobirds by the pale bill and orange-red legs and feet. However, the northern race (found north of the Limpopo River) is very similar to the Purple Indigobird; here it is best distiguished by call.
Distribution
Sub-Saharan Africa. Discontinuous; Malawi, much of Zambia, eastern Zimbabwe, parts of Mozambique, Swaziland, Lesotho and eastern South Africa. There are isolated populations in Tanzania, Kenya, Cameroon and Nigeria.
Taxonomy
Vidua funerea has two subspecies:
- V. f. funerea from eastern South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho and Mozambique south of the Limpopo River; legs and feet orange-red in adult breeding male and pale purplish grey or pale orange in female; and
- V. f. nigerrima from eastern Zimbabwe northwards; slightly smaller than the nominate race; the legs and feet are pale purple in both sexes.
Habitat
Woodland, forest edges, grassy rank vegetation, cultivated lands and gardens.
Behaviour
Diet
Forages on bare and sparsely vegetated ground for small seeds. Takes termite aletes in flight. Females and nonbreeding males are inconspicuous, often feeding in mixed-species flocks.
Breeding
The Dusky Indigobird is a brood parasite, the host species being the African Firefinch.
Vocalisation
Males are conspicuous in breeding season when they call for long periods from a prominent perch.
Male gives harsh 'chichichichi' call
Song: incorporates both scratchy notes and trills and tinkling phrases from the song of the African Firefinch (host).
References
- Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Dusky Indigobird. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 18 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Dusky_Indigobird
