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;[[:Category:Oenanthe|Oenanthe]] oenanthe | ;[[:Category:Oenanthe|Oenanthe]] oenanthe | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | 14·5–15·5 cm (5¾-6 in) length <br /> | |
White rump, basal tail patches with black centre and terminal band.<br/> | White rump, basal tail patches with black centre and terminal band.<br/> | ||
'''Breeding Male''' | '''Breeding Male''' | ||
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*Black wings and face mask | *Black wings and face mask | ||
*White stripe above the eye<br/> | *White stripe above the eye<br/> | ||
| − | + | [[Image:Seebohm's Wheatear male, by Ornitho26.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Male Seebohm's Wheatear<br />Photo by {{user|Ornitho26|Ornitho26}}. Ifrane, Morocco; June 2008.]] | |
'''Female''' | '''Female''' | ||
*Sandy-brown above and buff below | *Sandy-brown above and buff below | ||
*Eye patch and wings are brown<br/> | *Eye patch and wings are brown<br/> | ||
Autumnal male, female and juvenile are browner in the autumn. | Autumnal male, female and juvenile are browner in the autumn. | ||
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
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'''Africa''': As long as the taxon ''O. o. seebohmi'' is considered part of Northern Wheatear, there are breeding birds in the Atlas Mountains of northwestern Africa. Africa is important as the winter range for almost all populations, in a broad belt from [[Senegal]] east to [[Sudan]] and south in eastern Africa to [[Zambia]]. A few also winter in southwest Asia. | '''Africa''': As long as the taxon ''O. o. seebohmi'' is considered part of Northern Wheatear, there are breeding birds in the Atlas Mountains of northwestern Africa. Africa is important as the winter range for almost all populations, in a broad belt from [[Senegal]] east to [[Sudan]] and south in eastern Africa to [[Zambia]]. A few also winter in southwest Asia. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | [[Image:00000.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female Seebohm's Wheatear<br />Photo by {{user|Ornitho26|Ornitho26}}. Ifrane, Morocco; June 2008.]] | ||
[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?p=2196461 This thread] discusses aspects of Northern Wheatear taxonomy. | [http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?p=2196461 This thread] discusses aspects of Northern Wheatear taxonomy. | ||
| − | + | ====Subspecies==== | |
Three to four subspecies are currently accepted:<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | Three to four subspecies are currently accepted:<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | ||
*''O. o. leucorhoa'' ('''Greenland Wheatear''') | *''O. o. leucorhoa'' ('''Greenland Wheatear''') | ||
| Line 46: | Line 40: | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | Diet | + | Diet consists mosly of insects such as beetles and ants, also some berries at times. |
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
Nest is on ground on dry tundra, usually in hole in a wall, under stones, or in old rabbit burrow. and is a cup of grass, twigs, weeds, lined with finer material such as moss, lichens, rootlets. The clutch is usually 5-6 pale blue eggs; unmarked, or with fine reddish brown dots, which are incubated by the female for 13-14 days. | Nest is on ground on dry tundra, usually in hole in a wall, under stones, or in old rabbit burrow. and is a cup of grass, twigs, weeds, lined with finer material such as moss, lichens, rootlets. The clutch is usually 5-6 pale blue eggs; unmarked, or with fine reddish brown dots, which are incubated by the female for 13-14 days. | ||
| Line 52: | Line 46: | ||
<flashmp3>Oenanthe oenanthe (song).mp3</flashmp3><br /> | <flashmp3>Oenanthe oenanthe (song).mp3</flashmp3><br /> | ||
''[[Media:Oenanthe oenanthe (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]'' | ''[[Media:Oenanthe oenanthe (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]'' | ||
| + | ==Gallery== | ||
| + | Click on photo for larger image | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | Image:Female-wheatear-nice-pose.jpg|Female<br />Photo by {{user|Jacksnipe|Jacksnipe}} | ||
| + | Image:Juv WheatearSP079421C.jpg|Juvenile<br />Photo by {{user|Nigel+Kiteley |Nigel Kiteley}} | ||
| + | Image:IMG 83533.jpg|In flight<br />Photo by {{user|targetman|targetman}}<br />Lincs, May 2012 | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., & Zetterström, D. (2009). ''Collins Bird Guide'', 2nd edition. Collins ISBN 978 0 00 726814 6 |
#Wikipedia | #Wikipedia | ||
#Birdwatchers Pocket Guide ISBN 1-85732-804-3 | #Birdwatchers Pocket Guide ISBN 1-85732-804-3 | ||
#houghtonmifflinbooks | #houghtonmifflinbooks | ||
| + | #Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved September 2016) | ||
# BF member personal observation | # BF member personal observation | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Oenanthe_oenanthe}} | {{GSearch|Oenanthe_oenanthe}} | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
{{Video|Northern_Wheatear}} | {{Video|Northern_Wheatear}} | ||
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Oenanthe]][[Category:Bird Songs]] [[Category:Videos]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Oenanthe]][[Category:Bird Songs]] [[Category:Videos]] | ||
Revision as of 20:50, 8 September 2016
- Oenanthe oenanthe
Identification
14·5–15·5 cm (5¾-6 in) length
White rump, basal tail patches with black centre and terminal band.
Breeding Male
- Grey upperparts
- Buff throat
- Black wings and face mask
- White stripe above the eye
Female
- Sandy-brown above and buff below
- Eye patch and wings are brown
Autumnal male, female and juvenile are browner in the autumn.
Distribution
Europe, Asia, Africa, North America and Greenland.
Europe: Breeds in most of Europe including for example Iceland and the Faroe Islands, in the south only at higher elevation. These populations winter in Africa.
North America and Greenland: Populations breeding in Greenland and eastern Canada migrates to Africa (via western Europe). Populations breeding in Alaska and northwestern Canada migrate by a western route through Asia and the Middle East to eastern Africa south of the Sahara. Both of these populations give rise to vagrants seen further south in the Americas and The Caribbean.
Asia: Breeds across the entire northern half of the continent, migrating to sub-Saharan Africa.
Africa: As long as the taxon O. o. seebohmi is considered part of Northern Wheatear, there are breeding birds in the Atlas Mountains of northwestern Africa. Africa is important as the winter range for almost all populations, in a broad belt from Senegal east to Sudan and south in eastern Africa to Zambia. A few also winter in southwest Asia.
Taxonomy
This thread discusses aspects of Northern Wheatear taxonomy.
Subspecies
Three to four subspecies are currently accepted:[1]
- O. o. leucorhoa (Greenland Wheatear)
- O. o. oenanthe
- British Isles to Mediterranean, Siberia and Alaska; migrates to central and eastern Africa.
- O. o. libanotica
- Southern Spain and Balearic Is. to Iran, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Marginally paler and longer-billed.
- O. o. seebohmi (Seebohm's Wheatear)
- Morocco to north-eastern Algeria; migrates to Mauritania. Black throat on males; females greyer-toned than O. o. oenanthe.
- Split as a separate species Oenanthe seebohmi by some authors[2].
Habitat
Rocky tundra, grazed slopes with short turf and rocky outcrops, hill pastures, sand dunes.
Behaviour
Diet
Diet consists mosly of insects such as beetles and ants, also some berries at times.
Breeding
Nest is on ground on dry tundra, usually in hole in a wall, under stones, or in old rabbit burrow. and is a cup of grass, twigs, weeds, lined with finer material such as moss, lichens, rootlets. The clutch is usually 5-6 pale blue eggs; unmarked, or with fine reddish brown dots, which are incubated by the female for 13-14 days.
Vocalisation
<flashmp3>Oenanthe oenanthe (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
Gallery
Click on photo for larger image
Female
Photo by Jacksnipe
Juvenile
Photo by Nigel Kiteley
In flight
Photo by targetman
Lincs, May 2012
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016, with updates to August 2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., & Zetterström, D. (2009). Collins Bird Guide, 2nd edition. Collins ISBN 978 0 00 726814 6
- Wikipedia
- Birdwatchers Pocket Guide ISBN 1-85732-804-3
- houghtonmifflinbooks
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved September 2016)
- BF member personal observation
External Links
