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| − | [[Image:807swren.jpg|thumb|550px|right| | + | [[Image:807swren.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Sedge Wren (''stellaris'' subspecies) group<br />Photo © by {{user|mcdomik|mcdomik}}<br />Pheasant Branch Conservancy Middleton, WI, [[USA]]]] |
;[[:Category:Cistothorus|Cistothorus]] platensis | ;[[:Category:Cistothorus|Cistothorus]] platensis | ||
'''Includes: Grass Wren''' | '''Includes: Grass Wren''' | ||
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'''Juvenile:''' Similar to adults but overall warmer, more buffy with less defined facial markings and usually dark bill. | '''Juvenile:''' Similar to adults but overall warmer, more buffy with less defined facial markings and usually dark bill. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | [[Image:Grass-Wren_by_Ecuadorrebel.jpg|thumb|350px|right| | + | [[Image:Grass-Wren_by_Ecuadorrebel.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Paramo Wren ''aequatorialis'' group<br />Photo © by {{user|Ecuadorrebel|Ecuadorrebel}}<br />Cotopaxi, [[Ecuador]], September 2010]] |
[[USA]] and [[Canada]]: Main breeding range in the [[U.S.]] from [[North Dakota]] and southern [[Manitoba]] east to southwestern [[Ontario]] and [[Michigan]] south to eastern [[Nebraska]] east to [[Indiana]]. Localized in [[Ohio]], [[New York]], [[Vermont]] and [[New Jersey]]. Winters in eastern [[Texas]], [[Arkansas]], [[Louisiana]], and [[Florida]].<br /> | [[USA]] and [[Canada]]: Main breeding range in the [[U.S.]] from [[North Dakota]] and southern [[Manitoba]] east to southwestern [[Ontario]] and [[Michigan]] south to eastern [[Nebraska]] east to [[Indiana]]. Localized in [[Ohio]], [[New York]], [[Vermont]] and [[New Jersey]]. Winters in eastern [[Texas]], [[Arkansas]], [[Louisiana]], and [[Florida]].<br /> | ||
[[Central America]]: from [[Mexico]] to western [[Panama]]. <br /> | [[Central America]]: from [[Mexico]] to western [[Panama]]. <br /> | ||
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====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
Taxonomy is complex with the 18-20 recognized races traditionally organized into three to five geographical groups: ''stellaris'' from [[USA]] and [[Canada]], the [[Central America|Middle America]] group from [[Mexico]] to western [[Panama]], the ''polyglottus'' group from the Andes and other mountains in northern [[South America]], the ''platensis'' group of [[Argentina]] and [[Chile]], and the ''falklandicus'' group from the [[Falkland Islands]]. However Robbins & Nyári (2014)<sup>[[#References|[6]]]</sup> proposed recognition of nine species within a broadly defined'' platensis''. Clements et al. (2017)<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> and Kroodsma et al. (2018)<sup>[[#References|[4]]]</sup> provisionally recognize these proposed nine species as subspecies groups. | Taxonomy is complex with the 18-20 recognized races traditionally organized into three to five geographical groups: ''stellaris'' from [[USA]] and [[Canada]], the [[Central America|Middle America]] group from [[Mexico]] to western [[Panama]], the ''polyglottus'' group from the Andes and other mountains in northern [[South America]], the ''platensis'' group of [[Argentina]] and [[Chile]], and the ''falklandicus'' group from the [[Falkland Islands]]. However Robbins & Nyári (2014)<sup>[[#References|[6]]]</sup> proposed recognition of nine species within a broadly defined'' platensis''. Clements et al. (2017)<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> and Kroodsma et al. (2018)<sup>[[#References|[4]]]</sup> provisionally recognize these proposed nine species as subspecies groups. | ||
| − | [[Image:Grass Wren 7.jpg|thumb|350px|right| | + | [[Image:Grass Wren 7.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Austral Wren group, ''falklandicus'' subspecies. <br />Photo © by {{user|crispash|crispash }}<br />Near Lighthouse, Stanley, [[Falkland Islands]], March 2005]] |
| + | [[Image:SedgeWrenIMG 1660.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile of the Austral Wren group, ''falklandicus'' subspecies. <br />Photo © by {{user|jmorlan|Joseph Morlan}}<br />Gypsy Cove, Stanley, [[Falkland Islands]], 3 March 2018]] | ||
'''Sedge Wren''' Group - US & Canada | '''Sedge Wren''' Group - US & Canada | ||
*''C. p. stellaris (Northern): Eastern [[Canada]] to eastern [[US]]; winters [[Florida]] to north-eastern [[Mexico]]<br /> | *''C. p. stellaris (Northern): Eastern [[Canada]] to eastern [[US]]; winters [[Florida]] to north-eastern [[Mexico]]<br /> | ||
Revision as of 19:26, 24 May 2018
- Cistothorus platensis
Includes: Grass Wren
Identification
10-12cm (4")
Adult: Brown upperparts, light brown belly and flanks, white throat and breast. The back has pale streaks. Dark cap with pale streaks, a faint line over the eye and a short thin pale bill. Sexes alike. Very hard to see, much easier to locate by sound.
Juvenile: Similar to adults but overall warmer, more buffy with less defined facial markings and usually dark bill.
Distribution
USA and Canada: Main breeding range in the U.S. from North Dakota and southern Manitoba east to southwestern Ontario and Michigan south to eastern Nebraska east to Indiana. Localized in Ohio, New York, Vermont and New Jersey. Winters in eastern Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Florida.
Central America: from Mexico to western Panama.
South America: In the north limited to mountain ranges, but in the southern cone more widespread; also found in the Falkland Islands.
Taxonomy
There are numerous subspecies. These are sometimes divided into two main groups which sometimes are considered as separate species: The Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris) from North America and the Grass Wren (Cistothorus platensis) from South America.
Subspecies
Taxonomy is complex with the 18-20 recognized races traditionally organized into three to five geographical groups: stellaris from USA and Canada, the Middle America group from Mexico to western Panama, the polyglottus group from the Andes and other mountains in northern South America, the platensis group of Argentina and Chile, and the falklandicus group from the Falkland Islands. However Robbins & Nyári (2014)[6] proposed recognition of nine species within a broadly defined platensis. Clements et al. (2017)[1] and Kroodsma et al. (2018)[4] provisionally recognize these proposed nine species as subspecies groups.
Photo © by crispash
Near Lighthouse, Stanley, Falkland Islands, March 2005
Photo © by Joseph Morlan
Gypsy Cove, Stanley, Falkland Islands, 3 March 2018
Sedge Wren Group - US & Canada
Grass Wren Group - Highlands of Middle America
- C. p. tinnulus: Western Mexico (Nayarit to Michoacán, México and Distrito Federal)
- C. p. potosinus: North-central Mexico (San Luis Potosí)
- C. p. jalapensis: Eastern Mexico (interior central Veracruz to Orizaba region)
- C. p. warneri: Tropical southern Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco and western Chiapas)
- C. p. elegans: South-central Guatemala
- C. p. russelli: Pine ridge region of Belize
- C. p. graberi: Eastern Honduras to north-eastern Nicaragua
- C. p. lucidus: Subtropical central Costa Rica to western Panama (Chiriquí)
Venezuelan Wren Group - Tepuis of Venezuela.
Paramo Wren Group - Paramos of Andean Venezuela, Colombia south to N Peru.
- C. p. aequatorialis: Central and Western Andes of southern Colombia and Ecuador
Junin Wren Group - Highlands of N Peru, Junin.
Puna Wren Group - Ayacucho Peru to Altiplano of Bolivia.
- C. p. minimus: Southern Peru in Puno (Oconeque)
Tucuman Wren Group - Santa Cruz, Bolivia south to Cordoba, Argentina.
- C. p. tucumanus: North-western Argentina (Jujuy to Catamarca and Tucumán)
Pampas Wren Group - Lowlands of Bolivia east through Paraguay and S Brazil south through Uruguay to central Argentina.
- C. p. polyglottus: South-eastern Brazil (Goiás and Minas Gerais) to Paraguay and north-eastern Argentina
- C. p. platensis: Central and eastern Argentina to Córdoba and Mendoza
Austral Wren Group - Chile, Pagagonia & the Falklands
- C. p. hornensis: Southern Argentina (Neuquén) and Chile (Coquimbo) to Tierra del Fuego
- C. p. falklandicus: Falkland Islands
Habitat
Wet meadows and marsh edges.
Behaviour
Breeding
The male builds the nest which is rounded, with a side entrance, well hidden, and attached to low vegetation. 2-8 white eggs are laid.
Diet
The diet includes insects and spiders.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Herkert, J. R., D. E. Kroodsma, and J. P. Gibbs (2001). Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.582
- Jaramillo, A. (2014) Sedge Wren Shakeup!! (retrieved from http://alvarosadventures.com/sedge-wren-shakeup/ on 24 May 2018)
- Kroodsma, D., Brewer, D., Marks, J.S. & Kirwan, G.M. (2018). Grass Wren (Cistothorus platensis). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/58115 on 23 May 2018)
- Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, C. D. Cadena, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version [May 2018]. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm
- Robbins, M.B. & Nyári, Á.S. (2014) Canada to Tierra del Fuego: species limits and historical biogeography of the Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis). Wilson J. Orn. 126(4): 649–662.
- Traylor, M. A. 1988. Geographic variation and evolution in South American Cistothorus platensis (Aves: Troglodytidae). Fieldiana Zool. no. 48:1-35.
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Sedge Wren. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 24 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Sedge_Wren
