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| + | [[Image:20100521White-bellied Yuhina.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Nolan.Hwang|Nolan.Hwang}} <br>Zhongpu, Chiayi, [[Taiwan]], May 2010]] | ||
| + | '''Alternative name: White-bellied Yuhina''' | ||
| + | ;[[:Category:Erpornis|Erpornis]] zantholeuca | ||
| + | ==Identification== | ||
| + | With 11 - 13cm a small passerine, yuhina-like, but most probably a Vireo: | ||
| + | * Yellowish-green above | ||
| + | * Greyish-white below | ||
| + | * Yellow vent | ||
| + | * Slender bill with tip slightly bend over | ||
| + | * Crown with elongated feathers | ||
| + | Sexes are similar, juveniles duller than adults. The geographical variation is small, the subspecies differ slightly in tone. | ||
| + | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | Found in SE-[[Asia]] from the [[Himalayas]] ([[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], [[India]]) east to S [[China]] (including [[Hong Kong]] and [[Taiwan]]), [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] and [[Indochina]]. Also south to the [[Malay Peninsula]], in NW [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]].<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup> | ||
| + | <br/> | ||
| + | Common in parts of its range.<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup> | ||
| + | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | Clements<sup>[[#References|3]]</sup> accepts 8 subspecies: | ||
| + | * ''E. z. zantholeuca'' in the [[Himalayas]] over N [[Myanmar]] to S [[China]] and in W [[Thailand]]. | ||
| + | * ''E. z. tyrannula'' south of ''zantholeuca'' in [[Thailand]], [[Indochina]] and S [[China]] | ||
| + | * ''E. z. griseiloris'' in SE [[China]] and [[Taiwan]] | ||
| + | * ''E. z. sordida'' in E [[Thailand]] and S [[Indochina]] | ||
| + | * ''E. z. canescens'' in SE [[Thailand]] and W [[Cambodia]] | ||
| + | * ''E. z. interposita'' on the [[Malay Peninsula]] | ||
| + | * ''E. z. saani'' on [[Sumatra]] | ||
| + | * ''E. z. brunnescens'' on [[Borneo]] | ||
| + | Other authorities regard ''griseiloris'' synonym with ''tyrannula'' and merge ''sordida'' and ''interposita'' with the nominate ''zantholeuca''.<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Has also been placed in [[:Category:Stachyris|Stachyris]] but recent studies suggest that this species is certainly not a Yuhina and not even a Babbler. It possibly belongs to the New World Vireos [[:Category:Vireonidae|Vireonidae]]. When separated from the Yuhinas the species is placed in the genus ''Erpornis''.<sup>[[#References|1]], [[#References|2]]</sup> | ||
| + | ==Habitat== | ||
| + | Found in different types of forest as broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, light deciduous forest, mixed forest, moss forest, bamboo and also in upland heath and overgrown rubber plantations. Up to 3650 m in [[Bhutan]]. | ||
| + | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | Feeds on insects and their larvae, particulary on small caterpillars. Takes also berries, figs, flower nectar and occasionally seeds.<br/> | ||
| + | Usually found singly, sometimes in pairs or small groups. Less greagrious than other Yuhinas. Often in mixed flocks with other species (Warblers or small Babblers). Often seen hanging upside-down like a tit.<br/> | ||
| + | Breeding season differs througout range, eg. from March to June in the Himalayas. The nest is a small craddle mad of grass stems, moss and dry leaves, placed 0.5 to 2m above the ground in a tree, bamboo or shrub. Lays 2 to 3 eggs.<br/> | ||
| + | Resident species with small local seasonal movements.<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup> | ||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | # Cibois, Alice, Mikhail V. Kalyakin, Han Lian-Xian, and Eric Pasquet. 2002. "Molecular phylogenetics of babblers (Timaliidae): revaluation of the genera Yuhina and Stachyris." ''Journal of Avian Biology''. 33 (4): 380-90. | ||
| + | # del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Christie, D.A. eds. 2007. ''Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees''. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-96553-42-6 | ||
| + | #Ref-Clements6thAug11 | ||
| + | ==External Links== | ||
| + | {{GSearch|Erpornis+zantholeuca}} | ||
| + | *[http://orientalbirdimages.org/search.php?action=searchresult&Bird_ID=1494 View more images of this species on Orientalbirdimages] | ||
| + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Erpornis]] | ||
Revision as of 14:28, 28 August 2011
Alternative name: White-bellied Yuhina
- Erpornis zantholeuca
Identification
With 11 - 13cm a small passerine, yuhina-like, but most probably a Vireo:
- Yellowish-green above
- Greyish-white below
- Yellow vent
- Slender bill with tip slightly bend over
- Crown with elongated feathers
Sexes are similar, juveniles duller than adults. The geographical variation is small, the subspecies differ slightly in tone.
Distribution
Found in SE-Asia from the Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, India) east to S China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan), Myanmar, Thailand and Indochina. Also south to the Malay Peninsula, in NW Sumatra and Borneo.2
Common in parts of its range.2
Taxonomy
Clements3 accepts 8 subspecies:
- E. z. zantholeuca in the Himalayas over N Myanmar to S China and in W Thailand.
- E. z. tyrannula south of zantholeuca in Thailand, Indochina and S China
- E. z. griseiloris in SE China and Taiwan
- E. z. sordida in E Thailand and S Indochina
- E. z. canescens in SE Thailand and W Cambodia
- E. z. interposita on the Malay Peninsula
- E. z. saani on Sumatra
- E. z. brunnescens on Borneo
Other authorities regard griseiloris synonym with tyrannula and merge sordida and interposita with the nominate zantholeuca.2
Has also been placed in Stachyris but recent studies suggest that this species is certainly not a Yuhina and not even a Babbler. It possibly belongs to the New World Vireos Vireonidae. When separated from the Yuhinas the species is placed in the genus Erpornis.1, 2
Habitat
Found in different types of forest as broadleaf evergreen forest, secondary growth, light deciduous forest, mixed forest, moss forest, bamboo and also in upland heath and overgrown rubber plantations. Up to 3650 m in Bhutan.
Behaviour
Feeds on insects and their larvae, particulary on small caterpillars. Takes also berries, figs, flower nectar and occasionally seeds.
Usually found singly, sometimes in pairs or small groups. Less greagrious than other Yuhinas. Often in mixed flocks with other species (Warblers or small Babblers). Often seen hanging upside-down like a tit.
Breeding season differs througout range, eg. from March to June in the Himalayas. The nest is a small craddle mad of grass stems, moss and dry leaves, placed 0.5 to 2m above the ground in a tree, bamboo or shrub. Lays 2 to 3 eggs.
Resident species with small local seasonal movements.2
References
- Cibois, Alice, Mikhail V. Kalyakin, Han Lian-Xian, and Eric Pasquet. 2002. "Molecular phylogenetics of babblers (Timaliidae): revaluation of the genera Yuhina and Stachyris." Journal of Avian Biology. 33 (4): 380-90.
- del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Christie, D.A. eds. 2007. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-96553-42-6
- Ref-Clements6thAug11
