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Trochilidae (2 Viewers)

Taphrospilus said:
Thank's but Richmond had "Moisés Santiago Bertoni" in quotation marks. So I assume he did not consider him either. But HBW/Cornell Labs of Ornithology mentions as well both authors. Any other reason why to consider both as author?
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Richmond's '"M. et W. Bertoni" A. de W. Bertoni' means the name was attributed in the work to "M. et W.", but the author is A. de W. Bertoni alone.

I fail to see evidence in the work that would justify making 'M.' the author of any of the names, be it in the text itself, or in the 'Prologo'. The feeling I gather from the 'Prologo' is that he considered the work as his, and his alone. (Text written in the first person singular, signed 'el autor' in the singular, and in which he calls the descriptions "mis descripciones".)
In fact, he doesn't even clarify who 'M.' was... (The name 'Moisés' appears in this volume only on p. 215-216, in a list of future works to be published in the same outlet.)
 
Taphrospilus said:
I am wondering if the same article was published in Anales científicos paraguayos with both as authors? I ask because of here is written:
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In 1901 Dr "Moisés" Bertoni was the Editor of Anales Científicos Paraguayanos (Publicados Bajo la Dirección de Dr. Moisés S. Bertoni), but the Author of the piece "Aves Nuevas del Paraguay ..." was his Son (alone); "por A. de Winkelried Bertoni (Extracto de la Historia Natural de las Aves del Paraguay) ... Materiales recojidos desde 1890 hasta fines de 1900".

At least as far as I understand it ... (it's all in Spanish) ;)

See: Anales Científicos Paraguayanos, No. 1 (Série 1), Enero/January 1901: here (though only parts of it, but the Cover and Title page is shown)

/B

PS. To me, it's fairly likely that his father "Moisés" probably/most likely was (or at least could have been) responsible for some (most?) of of the early/earliest "Materiales recojidos" (simply as his Son AdWB was only a young boy in in 1890), but who knows?
--
 
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Calalp said:
PS. To me, it's fairly likely that his father "Moisés" probably/most likely was (or at least could have been) responsible for some (most?) of of the early/earliest "Materiales recojidos" (simply as his Son AdWB was only a young boy in in 1890), but who knows?
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He is quite explicit in the Prologo:
El año 1890 empecé en el Alto Paraná, á la altura del paralelo 27, mis colecciones y estudios de ornitolojía.
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= "In the year 1890 I started in the Alto Paraná, at the height of the 27th parallel, my collections and studies of ornithology."

He was 11/12 yo -- certainly very young for serious 'studies', but collecting birds at this age should be possible, I think.
 
Hylocharis leucotis

Luz E Zamudio-Beltrán, Yuyini Licona-Vera, Blanca E Hernández-Baños, John Klicka, Juan Francisco Ornelas, Phylogeography of the widespread white-eared hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis): pre-glacial expansion and genetic differentiation of populations separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, , blaa043, https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa043

Abstract:

The Pleistocene glacial cycles had a strong influence on the demography and genetic structure of many species, particularly on northern-latitude taxa. Here we studied the phylogeography of the white-eared hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis), a widely distributed species of the highlands of Mexico and Central America. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences was combined with ecological niche modelling (ENM) to infer the demographic and population differentiation scenarios under present and past conditions. Analyses of 108 samples from 11 geographic locations revealed population structure and genetic differentiation among populations separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (IT) and the Motagua-Polochic-Jocotán (MPJ) fault barriers. ENM predicted a widespread distribution of suitable habitat for H. leucotis since the Last Inter Glacial (LIG), but this habitat noticeably contracted and fragmented at the IT. Models for historical dispersal corridors based on population genetics data and ENM revealed the existence of corridors among populations west of the IT; however, the connectivity of populations across the IT has changed little since the LIG. The shallow geographic structure on either side of the isthmus and a star-like haplotype network, combined with the long-term persistence of populations across time based on genetic data and potential dispersal routes, support a scenario of divergence with migration and subsequent isolation and differentiation in Chiapas and south of the MPJ fault. Our findings corroborate the profound effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on the evolutionary history of montane taxa but challenge the generality of expanded suitable habitat (pine-oak forests) during glacial cycles.
 
Campylopterus curvipennis

Nataly Cruz-Yepez, Clementina González, Juan Francisco Ornelas. (2020). Vocal recognition suggests premating isolation between lineages of a lekking hummingbird, Behavioral Ecology.
https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/araa050

Abstract:
Species with genetically differentiated allopatric populations commonly differ in phenotypic traits due to drift and/or selection, which can be important drivers of reproductive isolation. Wedge-tailed sabrewing (Campylopterus curvipennis) is a species complex composed of three genetically and acoustically differentiated allopatric lineages that correspond to currently recognized subspecies in Mexico: C. c. curvipennis (Sierra Madre Oriental), C. c. pampa (Yucatán Peninsula), and C. c. excellens (Los Tuxtlas). Although excellens is taxonomically recognized as a distinct species, there is genetic evidence that lineages excellens and curvipennis have diverged from each other later than pampa. In this study, we experimentally tested C. c. curvipennis song recognition as a major factor in premating reproductive isolation for lineage recognition. To this end, we conducted a song playback experiment to test whether territorial males of one C. c. curvipennis lek discriminate among potential competitors based on male songs from the three lineages. Males of curvipennis responded more aggressively to songs of their own lineage and excellens, than to songs of the most divergent lineage pampa, as evidenced by significant differences in a variety of intensity and latency response variables. This indicate that the pampa male song does not represent a competitive threat as curvipennis and excellens songs, in which divergence and song recognition represent premating reproductive isolation between these isolated lineages. However, the acoustic limits between curvipennis and excellens might be attenuated by gene flow in case of secondary contact between them, despite the strong and relatively rapid divergence of their sexually selected song traits.
 
Eugenes fulgens

Luz E Zamudio-Beltrán, Juan Francisco Ornelas, Andreia Malpica, Blanca E Hernández-Baños, Genetic and morphological differentiation among populations of the Rivoli’s Hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens) species complex (Aves: Trochilidae), The Auk, , ukaa032, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/ukaa032

Abstract:

Genetic variation and phylogeographic studies have been crucial for understanding mechanisms of speciation. We analyzed genetic variation and phylogeography to reconstruct the demographic history of the Rivoli’s Hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens) species complex and also evaluated their morphological differentiation. This widely distributed species inhabits the highlands of Mexico and northern Central America, with 2 subspecies separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (west: E. f. fulgens, east: E. f. viridiceps). We surveyed genetic variation in 2 mitochondrial DNA markers (mtDNA, with 129 individuals) and nuclear DNA (6 microsatellites, with 85 individuals). We also inferred the demographic history, estimated divergence times, and analyzed morphological variation using 470 vouchered specimens. We modeled the current potential distribution of the species using ecological niche modeling and projected it into the past to model the effects of the Pleistocene climatic cycles. Haplotype networks, pairwise FST comparisons, AMOVA, and morphological analysis revealed differences between geographically isolated populations separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (IT; corresponding to the 2 recognized subspecies: fulgens and viridiceps), and by the Motagua-Polochic-Jocotán (MPJ) system fault. Demographic scenarios revealed a contraction in distribution during the last interglacial, and expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) with little change since the LGM. Divergence between groups separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec ~59,600 yr ago occurred in the presence of gene flow, suggesting that the Isthmus of Tehuantepec is a semipermeable barrier to gene flow. STRUCTURE analyses of microsatellite data detected 3 genetically differentiated groups. Several results fit a model of recent lineage divergence, including a significant signal of genetic differentiation, demographic expansion, decreased gene flow from past to present, and northward expansion during the LGM and contraction during the interglacial periods. We conclude that the genetic differentiation of E. fulgens in the Madrean Pine-Oak Woodlands resulted from recent geographical isolation of populations separated by natural barriers (IT and MPJ).
 
Melanie said:
A cryptic new species of hummingbird of the Campylopterus largipennis complex (Aves: Trochilidae)
LEONARDO ESTEVES LOPES, MARCELO FERREIRA DE VASCONCELOS, LUIZ PEDREIRA GONZAGA

Abstract

A new species of Campylopterus sabrewing is described from eastern Brazilian tropical dry forests occurring below 900 m asl. Its holotype (MZUSP 99024) is an adult female from Sítio Duboca (16°43’19’’S, 43°58’20’’W, elevation 840 m), municipality of Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais. A taxonomic revision based on more than 1,000 museum specimens revealed that the new taxon, together with C. largipennis, C. diamantinensis and C. obscurus (with C. aequatorialis considered as a subjective junior synonym) should be ranked as species. We provide a key to permit easy identification of the four species. The new species is very similar to the parapatric C. diamantinensis of high altitude “campos rupestres” above 1,000 m asl, differing from it by its smaller size and longer light tail tips, as well as by sternum measurements. Given the several threats faced by the habitat to which the new species is endemic, we propose to consider it as Vulnerable under the IUCN criteria.

Keywords

cryptic biodiversity, Neotropical, Trochilidae, tropical dry forests, Aves

http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4268.1.1


Campylopterus calcirupicola sp. nov
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IOC Updates Diary Aug 4

Accept split of Diamantina Sabrewing Campylopterus diamantinensis from Grey-breasted Sabrewing C. largipennis.
 
Elliotomyia

Melanie said:
The generic nomenclature of the Trochilini: a correction
F. GARY STILES, J. V. JR. REMSEN

Abstract

Because the generic name Elliotia proposed by us (Stiles et al. 2017a) was found to be preoccupied, we herein rename this genus, including a detailed diagnosis; the generic circumscription and type species remain unchanged. This change does not affect the generic reorganization of the Trochilini presented by Stiles et al. (2017a).

https://mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4691.2.10
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Proposal (877) to SACC

Recognize the genus Elliotomyia for chionogaster and viridicauda
 
Allen's Hummingbird

Braden L. Godwin, Melanie E. F. LaCava, Beth Mendelsohn, Roderick B. Gagne, Kyle D. Gustafson, Sierra M. Love Stowell, Andrew Engilis, Jr., Lisa A. Tell, and Holly B. Ernest. 2020. Novel hybrid fnds a peri‑urban niche: Allen’s Hummingbirds in southern California. Conservation Genetics 21: 989-998.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01303-4

Abstract:

Species range expansions and contractions can have ecological and genetic consequences, and thus are important areas of study for conservation. Hybridization and introgression are not uncommon in closely related populations that experience secondary contact during a range expansion. Allen’s Hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin) in California comprises two subspecies: the migratory S. s. sasin, which winters in central Mexico and breeds in central and northern California, and the resident S. s. sedentarius, which lives and breeds year-round on several of the Channel Islands of the California coast. Within recent decades, Allen’s Hummingbirds have been found living and breeding year-round in the southern California peri-urban mainland near Los Angeles. Ornithologists assumed that the L.A. birds were an expansion of the island subspecies, S. s. sedentarius due to similar but very subtle morphological characteristics. However, the genetic relationships among the three putative populations of Allen’s hummingbird—migratory, southern California mainland, and island—are unknown. We investigated these relationships by analyzing variation of single nucleotide polymorphisms from the three geographic regions where S. sasin are present. Our population genomic analyses indicate that S. sasin hummingbirds inhabiting mainland southern California are a hybrid population resulting from admixture between S. s. sasin and S. s. sedentarius. From one perspective, these results may be interpreted as a positive development for S. s. sasin as the growing population represent an overall increase in the S. sasin population, and the expanding population contains a signifcant representation of S. s. sasin alleles.
 
Peter Kovalik said:
PASSED (13 Dec 2020)
Click to expand...

But this should still be considered::

l_raty said:
In this particular case, the end of the story may still be unwritten.

Was there a valid type designation published for Leucolia recently? I expected this would be done in the paper describing Elliotomyia (as it is critical for the validity of this name), but this did not happen. As long as no such designation exists, the publication, anywhere and by anybody, of a simple statement that the type of Leucolia is viridicauda Berlepsch would make Elliotomyia irremediably invalid under current generic limits.
Click to expand...
 
Oreotrochilus chimborazo

Elisa Bonaccorso, Carlos A Rodríguez-Saltos, Juan F Freile, Nicolás Peñafiel, Laura Rosado-Llerena, Nora H Oleas, Recent diversification in the high Andes: unveiling the evolutionary history of the Ecuadorian hillstar, Oreotrochilus chimborazo (Apodiformes: Trochilidae), Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, , blaa200, https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa200

Abstract:

Studying the genetic signatures of evolutionary diversification in young lineages is among the most promising approaches for unveiling the processes behind speciation. Here, we focus on Oreotrochilus chimborazo, a high Andean species of hummingbird that might have experienced rapid diversification in the recent past. To understand the evolution of this species, we generated a dataset of ten microsatellite markers and complementary data on morphometrics, plumage variation and ecological niches. We applied a series of population and coalescent-based analyses to understand the population structure and differentiation within the species, in addition to the signatures of current and historical gene flow, the location of potential contact zones and the relationships among lineages. We found that O. chimborazo comprises three genetic groups: one corresponding to subspecies O. c. chimborazo, from Chimborazo volcano and surroundings, and two corresponding to the northern and southern ranges of subspecies O. c. jamesonii, found from the extreme south of Colombia to southern Ecuador. We inferred modest levels of both contemporary and historical gene flow and proposed the location of a contact zone between lineages. Also, our coalescent-based analyses supported a rapid split among these three lineages during the mid-to-late Holocene. We discuss our results in the light of past and present potential distributions of the species, in addition to evolutionary trends seen in other Andean hummingbirds.
 
MURRAY D. BRUCE, F. GARY STILES. (2021).The generic nomenclature of the emeralds, Trochilini (Apodiformes: Trochilidae): two replacement generic names required.

Many genus-level changes to the classification of Trochilini were enacted in Stiles et al. (2017b). We have since found that two further genera therein emended each require replacement names. The first of these requiring a replacement name is Uranomitra Reichenbach, 1854 [March], which is herewith interpreted as an additional synonym of Saucerottia Bonaparte, 1850, along with its junior synonym Cyanomyia Bonaparte, 1854a [May]. We show that both must have the same type species, as originally designated, Trochilus quadricolor Vieillot, 1822 = Ornismya cyanocephala Lesson, 1829. The second case in which a replacement name is required is Leucolia Mulsant & E. Verreaux, 1866, herewith interpreted as an additional synonym of Leucippus Bonaparte, 1850, with the same type species, Trochilus fallax Bourcier, 1843. We herein propose replacement names for both Uranomitra and Leucolia.

New genera unknown

I don't understand for the replacement of Uranomitra. Here, francia is the first name listed :

And here, it is the type species by subsequent designation (but by who?) :


That should be enough to link Uranomitra to francia, no ?
 
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This is what I have in my notes -

name : Uranomitra​
author : Reichenbach​
year : 1854​
OD reference : Reichenbach HGL. 1854. Aufzählung der Colibris Oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst SchlüsseI ihrer Synonymik. J. Ornithol. 1, Extraheft, Beilage: 1-24.​
page : 4, 10​
included nominal species : Uranomitra franciae, U. quadricolor ("Vieillot 1818"), U. cyanicollis, [?U. cyanocephala].​
type species : Trochilus franciae Bourcier & Mulsant 1846​
type species valid syn. : in use​
fixation by : subsequent designation​
fixation ref : Elliot DG. 1879. A classification and synopsis of the Trochilidae. Smithson. Contrib. Knowl. 317: 1-277.​
page : 195​
type OD ref : Bourcier J, Mulsant E. 1846. Description de vingt espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches. Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Agric. Industr. (Lyon), 9: 312-332.​
page : 324​
notes : As a subgenus of Agyrtria. A type designation was recently claimed (Stiles et al 2017; https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.1 ) in: Gray GR. 1855. Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum. British Museum, London.; p. 139; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17136778 ; Trochilus quadricolor Vieillot 1822; but this is not correct: Gray was dealing with Cyanomyia Bonaparte, with Uranomitra merely cited as a (potentially subjective) synonym, and not concerned by the designation. Besides, Reichenbach did not actually include Trochilus quadricolor Vieillot 1822, but “T. quadricolor Vieillot 1818”, which is quite problematic as there is also a Trochilus quadricolor Vieillot 1817 (Vieillot LP. 1817. Colibri, Trochilus Lath. Pp. 340-376 in: Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Par une société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs. Nouvelle édition presqu'entièrement refondue et considérablement augmentée. Tome VII. Deterville, Paris.; p. 353; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18036108 ).​
ICZN : n/a​
online publication : n/a​
available : yes​
family : Trochilidae​
​
​
name : Cyanomyia​
author : Bonaparte​
year : 1854​
OD reference : Bonaparte CL. 1854. Tableau des oiseaux-mouches. Extrait de la Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. N° 5 – 1854. Simon Raçon et Ce, Paris.​
page : 8​
included nominal species : Cyanomyia cyanocephala, C. francia, C. verticalis, C. quadricolor “Vieill. Enc.”, C. cyanicollis​
type species : Trochilus quadricolor Vieillot 1822​
type species valid syn. : Ornismya cyanocephalus Lesson 1830​
fixation by : subsequent designation​
fixation ref : Gray GR. 1855. Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum. British Museum, London.​
page : 139​
type OD ref : Bonnaterre PJ, Vieillot LP. 1823. Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Seconde partie. Vve Agasse, Paris.​
page : 573​
notes : Beware the type is not Trochilus quadricolor Vieillot 1817 (Vieillot LP. 1817. Colibri, Trochilus Lath. Pp. 340-376 in: Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Par une société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs. Nouvelle édition presqu'entièrement refondue et considérablement augmentée. Tome VII. Deterville, Paris.; p. 353; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18036108 ; in Vieillot 1822, this species is on p. 555: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51116912 ); but a junior primary homonym. (In the Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique, Vieillot had two Trochilus quadricolor – the 1817 species, a synonym of T. nigricollis Vieillot 1817, being on p. 555: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51116912 .) Senior homonym of Cyanomyia Wilson 1932 (Diptera). Work also published as: Bonaparte CL. 1854. Tableau des oiseaux-mouches. Rev. Mag. Zool., sér. 2, 6: 248-257.; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13681319 . The separate version was presented by Bonaparte to the Académie (and said to be just published) on 24 Apr 1854 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1215778 ); it was noticed as published on 6 May 1854 in Bibliogr. France (https://books.google.be/books?id=c9dLAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA290 ); this is before the journal version appeared; this issue of the journal includes reports on meetings of the Académie up to 29 May, hence can’t have been published before this date.​
ICZN : n/a​
online publication : n/a​
available : yes​
family : Trochilidae​
​
​
name : Leucolia​
author : Mulsant, Verreaux & Verreaux​
year : 1866​
OD reference : Mulsant E, Verreaux J, Verreaux E. 1866. Essai d'une classification méthodique des Trochilidés, comprenant le catalogue de toutes les espèces connues de ces oiseaux. Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, 12: 149-242.​
page : 175​
included nominal species : Leucolia fallax, L. quadricolor (with var. guatemalensis), L. violiceps, L. franciae, L. cyanocephala, L. leucogaster, L. chionopectus, L. viridiceps, L. candidus, L. chionogaster, L. turneri, L. hemileucurus​
type species : ?​
type species valid syn. : ?​
fixation by : subsequent designation​
fixation ref : ?​
page : ?​
fixation link : ?​
type OD ref : ?​
page : ?​
type OD link : ?​
notes : Invalid designations – Elliot DG. 1879. A classification and synopsis of the Trochilidae. Smithson. Contrib. Knowledge 317: 1-277.; p. 195; https://archive.org/stream/cu31924000050777#page/n210/mode/1up/ ; cited the name in the synonymy of Uranomitra Reichenbach, from two different sources (neither of which was the OD), attributing two different 'types' to the name as taken from each of these sources (neither of which was an OINS); both designations are invalid. Boucard A. 1894-1895. Genera of humming birds. S.n., London.; p. 156; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9153401 ; designated T. franciae as the type of Uranomitra Reichenbach, with Leucolia placed in its synonymy; the designation does not extent to Leucolia. Ridgway 1911 https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7490221 cited the name in the synonymy of Agyrtria, followed by "(Type, ?)". Stiles FG, Remsen JV, McGuire JA. 2017. The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny. Zootaxa 4353: 401-424.; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321277435 ; “[...] Leucolia Mulsant et al., 1866, within which they considered Cyanomyia and Leucolia to be subgenera; they included violiceps in the former subgenus. The genus Leucolia sensu stricto included viridifrons as well as four other species that in the tree are included in other genera. This leaves viridifrons eligible as the type and indeed, it was tentatively so designated by Elliot (1879). Therefore, we recommend recognizing the genus Leucolia, and we fix viridifrons (Elliot, 1871) as its type species [...]”, where the described 'original' treatment is not that of the OD, but appears to be that of: Mulsant E, Verreaux E. 1874. Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches ou Colibris, constituant la famille des trochilidés. Bureau de la Société Linnéenne, Lyon.; p. 211; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39878192 ; viridifrons Elliot 1871 was not (for obvious reasons) an OINS of Leucolia Mulsant, Verreaux & Verreaux 1866; this designation is invalid. Type apparently not fixed. OINS: Trochilus fallax Bourcier & Mulsant 1843, Trochilus quadricolor Vieillot 1822 (nec 1817), Cyanomyia guatemalensis Gould 1861, Cyanomyia violiceps Gould 1859, Trochilus franciae Bourcier & Mulsant 1846, Ornismya cyanocephalus Lesson 1830, Trochilus leucogaster Gmelin 1788, Thaumatias chionopectus Gould 1859, Thaumatias viridiceps Gould 1860, Trochilus candidus Bourcier & Mulsant 1846, Trochilus chionogaster Tschudi 1846, Trochilus turnerii Bourcier 1846, Phlogophilus hemileucurus Gould 1860.​
ICZN : n/a​
online publication : n/a​
available : yes​
family : Trochilidae​

I see no problem with Uranomitra.
I agree with the type fixation for Cyanomyia.
If "Leucolia Mulsant & E. Verreaux, 1866, [is here] interpreted as an additional synonym of Leucippus Bonaparte, 1850, with the same type species, Trochilus fallax Bourcier, 1843", this is a type designation that makes fallax Bourcier 1843 the type. (So the authors have just destroyed Leucolia once and for all -- despite it was, and could have remained, in use -- which allows them to propose their own name for the group. I'm curious to know the justification.)

I assume that the authors did not really intend to "propose replacement names for both Uranomitra and Leucolia" (which would merely create invalid junior objective synonyms of the replaced names), but to describe the groups known in the recent literature as Uranomitra and Leucolia, which they regarded as nameless due to a reinterpretion of these two names, as brand new genera.

Edit -- I just changed my mind about the bibliographic source for Bonaparte's name. (Bonaparte is generally a bibliographic nightmare. Here, the "separate" version of the work was in fact demonstrably published by him before the journal version. The "separate" was not identical to the journal version -- the typesetting and page layout in the two versions are completely different.)
 
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