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Trochilidae (1 Viewer)

The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny
F. GARY STILES, J. V. JR. REMSEN, JIMMY A. MCGUIRE

Abstract

The generic nomenclature of the hummingbirds is unusually complicated. McGuire et al.’s (2014) recent phylogeny of the Trochilidae based on DNA sequence data has greatly clarified relationships within the family but conflicts strongly with the traditional classification of the family at the genus level, especially that of the largest and most recently derived clade, the Trochilini or “emeralds”. We recently presented a historical review of this classification and the generic modifications required by the Code of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Herein we present a revised generic classification of the Trochilini based upon McGuire et al.’s genetic data, while producing diagnosable generic groupings and preserving nomenclatural stability insofar as possible. However, this generic rearrangement has necessitated the resurrection of nine generic names currently considered synonyms, the synonymization of seven currently recognized genera and the creation of one new genus. The generic changes we recommend to the classification are drastic, and we summarize these in tabular form in comparison with the three most recent classifications of the Trochilini. Where appropriate, we outline alternatives to our proposed arrangement. The classification treats 110 species in 35 genera, including two species that remain unplaced for lack of genetic samples.



Keywords

Aves, biogeography, classification, genetic relationships, hummingbirds, morphology, nomenclature

http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4353.3.1

My Darwin !!! I suppose that the full article is not yet available . I can't wait anymore.

New classification of Trochilini, mixing their work and mine

*= species studied, $= Incertae sedis

Source: http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/summary/CF69FFF70513FF97FFFBFFE6FFB71A66

Genre Abeillia Bonaparte, 1850
Abeillia abeillei (Lesson & De Lattre, 1839)*

Genre Anthocephala Cabanis & Heine, 1860
Anthocephala berlepschi Salvin, 1893*
Anthocephala floriceps (Gould, 1854)*

Genre Basilinna Boie, 1831
Basilinna leucotis (Vieillot, 1818)*
Basilinna xantusii (Lawrence, 1861)*

Genre Campylopterus Swainson, 1827
Campylopterus calcirupicola Lopes, De Vasconcelos & Gonzaga, 2017$
Campylopterus duidae Chapman, 1929*
Campylopterus ensipennis (Swainson, 1822)*
Campylopterus falcatus (Swainson, 1821)*
Campylopterus hemileucurus (Deppe, 1830)*
Campylopterus hyperythrus Cabanis, 1849*
Campylopterus largipennis (Boddaert, 1783)*
Campylopterus phainopeplus Salvin & Godman, 1879*
Campylopterus villaviscensio (Bourcier, 1851)*

Genre Chlorostilbon Gould, 1853
Chlorostilbon alice (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)*
Chlorostilbon assimilis Lawrence, 1861*
Chlorostilbon gibsoni (Fraser, 1840)*
Chlorostilbon lucidus (Shaw, 1812)*
Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus Gould, 1860*
Chlorostilbon mellisugus (Linnaeus, 1758)*
Chlorostilbon olivaresi Stiles, 1996*
Chlorostilbon poortmani (Bourcier, 1843)*
Chlorostilbon russatus (Salvin & Godman, 1881)*
Chlorostilbon stenurus (Cabanis & Heine, 1860)*

Genre Cynanthus Swainson, 1827
Cynanthus auriceps (Gould, 1852)*
Cynanthus canivetii (Lesson, 1832)*
Cynanthus doubledayi (Bourcier, 1847)*
Cynanthus forficatus (Ridgway, 1885)*
Cynanthus latirostris Swainson, 1827*

Genre Klais Reichenbach, 1854
Klais guimeti (Bourcier, 1843)*

Genre Orthorhynchus Lacépède, 1799
Orthorhynchus cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758)*

Genre Phaeoptila Gould, 1861
Phaeoptila sordida (Gould, 1859)*

Genre Riccordia Reichenbach, 1854
Riccordia bicolor (Gmelin, 1788)*
Riccordia bracei (Lawrence, 1877)*
Riccordia elegans (Gould, 1860)*
Riccordia ricordii (Gervais, 1835)*
Riccordia maugaeus (Audebert & Vieillot, 1801)*
Riccordia swainsonii (Lesson, 1829)*

Genre Stephanoxis Simon, 1897
Stephanoxis lalandi (Vieillot, 1818)*
Stephanoxis loddigesii (Gould, 1831)*

Tribu Trochilini Vigors, 1825
Genre Amazilia Lesson, 1843
Amazilia rutila (De Lattre, 1843)*
Amazilia tzacatl (De la Llave, 1833)$
Amazilia yucatanensis (Cabot, 1845)*

Genre Aphantochroa Gould, 1853 (considered in their work as a synonym of Eupetomena)
Aphantochroa cirrochloris (Vieillot, 1818)*

Genre Chalybura Reichenbach, 1854
Chalybura buffonii (Lesson, 1832)*
Chalybura urochrysia (Gould, 1861)*

Genre Chionomesa Simon, 1921
Chionomesa fimbriata (Gmelin, 1788)*
Chionomesa lactea (Lactea, 1832)*

Genre Chlorestes Reichenbach, 1854
Chlorestes candida (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)*
Chlorestes cyanus (Vieillot, 1818)*
Chlorestes eliciae (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)*
Chlorestes julie (Bourcier, 1843)*
Chlorestes notata (Reich, 1793)*

Genre Chrysuronia Bonaparte, 1850
Chrysuronia amazilia (Lesson & Garnot, 1827)$
Chrysuronia brevirostris (Lesson, 1830)*
Chrysuronia coeruleogularis (Gould, 1851)*
Chrysuronia goudoti (Bourcier, 1843)*
Chrysuronia grayi (De Lattre & Bourcier, 1846)*
Chrysuronia humboldtii (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)*
Chrysuronia leucogaster (Gmelin, 1788)*
Chrysuronia lilliae (Stone, 1917)*
Chrysuronia oenone (Lesson, 1832)*
Chrysuronia versicolor (Vieillot, 1818)*

Genre ''Elliotia'' Stiles, Remsen & Macguire, 2017 ( Elliotia gen. nov. is a junior homonym of Elliotia Nietner, 1856, which is a synonym of Pentagonica Schmidt-Goebel, 1846, Elliotia gen. nov. need to be replaced by Elliotornis, potential new replacement name for Elliotia )

In the past, alternatively placed in genus Chionogaster, along with A. viridicauda
Whaaat !! Since when ?

''Elliotia'' chionogaster (von Tschudi, 1846)*
''Elliotia'' viridicauda (von Berlepsch, 1883)*


Genre Elvira Mulsant, Verreaux & Verreaux, 1866 (considered in their work as a synonym of Microchera)
Elvira chionura (Gould, 1851)*
Elvira cupreiceps (Lawrence, 1866)*

Genre Eupetomena Gould, 1853
Eupetomena macroura (Gmelin, 1788)*

Genre Eupherusa Gould, 1857
Eupherusa cyanophrys Rowley & Orr, 1964*
Eupherusa eximia (De Lattre, 1843)*
Eupherusa nigriventris Lawrence, 1868*
Eupherusa poliocerca Elliot, 1871*
Eupherusa ridgwayi (Nelson, 1900)*

Genre Goethalsia Nelson, 1912 (considered in their work as a synonym of Goldmania)
Goethalsia bella Nelson, 1912*

Genre Goldmania Nelson, 1911
Goldmania violiceps Nelson, 1911*

Genre Hylocharis Boie, 1831
Hylocharis chrysura (Shaw, 1812)*
Hylocharis sapphirina (Gmelin, 1788)*

Genre Leucippus Bonaparte, 1850
Leucippus fallax (Bourcier, 1843)*

Genre Leucochloris Reichenbach, 1854
Leucochloris albicollis (Vieillot, 1818)*

Genre Microchera Gould, 1858
Microchera albocoronata (Lawrence, 1855)*

Genre Phaeochroa Gould, 1861
Phaeochroa cuvierii (De Lattre & Bourcier, 1846)*

Genre Polyerata Heine, 1863
Polyerata amabilis (Gould, 1853)*
Polyerata boucardi (Mulsant, 1877)$ (''Arenella'' Simon, 1921,?)
Polyerata decora (Salvin, 1891)*
Polyerata luciae (Lawrence, 1868)$
Polyerata rosenbergi (Boucard, 1895)*

Genre Talaphorus Simon, 1910
Talaphorus chlorocercus (Gould, 1866)*

Genre Taphrospilus Simon, 1910
Taphrospilus hypostictus (Gould, 1862)*

Genre Thalurania Gould, 1848
Thalurania colombica (Bourcier, 1843)*
Thalurania furcata (Gmelin, 1788)*
Thalurania glaucopis (Gmelin, 1788)*
Thalurania watertonii (Bourcier, 1847)*

Genre Thaumasius Sclater, 1879
Thaumasius baeri (Simon, 1901)
Thaumasius taczanowskii (Sclater, 1879)

Genre Trochilus Linnaeus, 1758
Trochilus polytmus Linnaeus, 1758*
Trochilus scitulus Brewster & Bangs, 1901*

Genre Uranomitra Reichenbach, 1854
Uranomitra franciae (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)*

I notice that the genera Saucerottia and Pampa are not treated, but if they were.

Genre Pampa Reichenbach, 1854
Pampa curvipennis (Deppe, 1830)
Pampa excellens (Wetmore, 1941)
Pampa pampa (Lesson, 1832)
Pampa rufus (Lesson, 1840)

Genre Saucerottia Bonaparte, 1850
Saucerottia beryllina (Deppe, 1830)
Saucerottia castaneiventris (Gould, 1856)
Saucerottia cyanifrons (Bourcier, 1843)
Saucerottia cyanocephala (Lesson, 1830)
Saucerottia cyanura Gould, 1859)
Saucerottia edward (De Lattre & Bourcier, 1846)
Saucerottia saucerottei (De Lattre & Bourcier,
1846)
Saucerottia tobaci (Gmelin, 1788)
Saucerottia violiceps (Gould, 1859)
Saucerottia viridifrons (Elliot, 1871)
Saucerottia viridigaster (Bourcier, 1843)
 
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FWIW:

Elliotia Nietner 1856
Nietner J. 1856. Entomological papers - being descriptions of new Ceylon Coleoptera, with such observations on their habits as appear any way interesting. [Second part.] J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 25:523-554.
p. 524: [here].
For those who can't read Latin, Elliotia honours Sir Walter Elliot, said to be from Madras (but who was originally a Scot), and described as a most careful and deserving naturalist.

It's a bit of a pity that such problems seemingly can't be avoided these days... (For generic names, in most cases, little more is needed than a 15-second visit to the online version of [Neave's Nomenclator Zoologicus].)
 
FWIW:

Elliotia Nietner 1856
Nietner J. 1856. Entomological papers - being descriptions of new Ceylon Coleoptera, with such observations on their habits as appear any way interesting. [Second part.] J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 25:523-554.
p. 524: [here].
For those who can't read Latin, Elliotia honours Sir Walter Elliot, said to be from Madras (but who was originally a Scot), and described as a most careful and deserving naturalist.

It's a bit of a pity that such problems seemingly can't be avoided these days... (For generic names, in most cases, little more is needed than a 15-second visit to the online version of [Neave's Nomenclator Zoologicus].)
IRMNG is a little bit better in my opinion.

I hope the authors will be informed

There is a genus named Leucolia Mulsant & Verreaux, 1866, but I don't know its type species, however, HBW mention a theoretical genus called Chionogaster
 
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There is a genus named Leucolia Mulsant & Verreaux, 1866, but I don't know its type species,
Leucolia Mulsant, Verreaux & Verreaux 1866
Mulsant E, Verreaux J, Verreaux E. 1866. Essai d'une classification méthodique des Trochilidés, comprenant le catalogue de toutes les espèces connues de ces oiseaux. Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, 12:149-242.
p. 175: [here].

Originally included nominal species: L. fallax (Bourcier & Mulsant), L. quadricolor (Vieillot)/L. guatemalensis (Gould), L. violiceps (Gould), L. franciae (Bourcier), L. cyanocephala (Lesson), L. leucogaster (Gould), L. chionopectus (Gould), L. viridiceps (Gould), L. candidus (Bourcier), L. chionogaster (Tschudi)/L. turneri (Bourcier), L. hemileucurus (Gould).

No original type fixation; any of the OINS (that includes chionogaster) could become the type by a subsequent designation; but, so far, I've not been able to find a valid designation. (This name has been little used outside of the French literature. E.g., see its reception in Ibis [here].) Elliot 1879 [here] cited it in the synonymy of Uranomitra Reichenbach, from two sources neither of which was the OD, attributing two different 'types' to the name as taken for each of these sources neither of which was an OINS. Ridgway 1911 [here], who usually made the type of the names he cited clear, cited it in the synonymy of Agyrtria and had it followed by "(Type, ?)". If there is a designation, it is very probably posterior to the current date of copyright expiration.

A. chionogaster is suggested to be the type (or at least this is how I interpret the dagger symbol there) in James Jobling's Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology [here], but I don't know on which base; and this is not published work in the sense of the Code, hence cannot constitute a designation by itself.


however, HBW mention a theoretical genus called Chionogaster
I see a few other signs that this name has been used, e.g., it is cited [here], and it is in James Jobling's Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology [here].
But of course just using it would not make it available, unless this was done before 1931.


BTW, the whole paper is now freely available [here].
 
They use Leucolia for viridifrons and violiceps, problem solved
What they did solved nothing, I'm afraid. They wrote:
This leaves Leucolia Mulsant et al., 1866, within which they considered Cyanomyia and Leucolia to be subgenera; they included violiceps in the former subgenus. The genus Leucolia sensu stricto included viridifrons as well as four other species that in the tree are included in other genera. This leaves viridifrons eligible as the type and indeed, it was tentatively so designated by Elliot (1879). Therefore, we recommend recognizing the genus Leucolia, and we fix viridifrons (Elliot, 1871) as its type species; this also includes transferring violiceps and wagneri from Cyanomyia to Leucolia. Rodríguez-Gómez & Ornelas (2015) further documented the close genetic relationship between violiceps and viridifrons.
In this text, they are obviously mixing the content of the [OD] of 1866 with that of Mulsant & Verreaux's Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches, ou, Colibris constituant la famille des trochilidés of 1874 [here].
In the OD, no subgenera were recognized (Cyanomya is just cited as the generic name that was used by Gould for some of the species), and it seems obvious that Cyanomyia viridifrons Elliot 1871 [OD] cannot have been originally included in a genus described in 1866: there is definitely no way that it might be eligible to become the type.

A designation of violiceps would have been valid, assuming no earlier valid designation is hidden out there in the non-digitized literature; this was an OINS. The above is clearly not valid at all.
 
Like Laurent, I've also noticed that there seems to be no valid type fixation for Leucolia, so it's application sensu Stiles et al. is opened to question.
Regarding Elliotia, I have a further question: did they comply to art. 13.1 of the Code, so the name can be available?

"13.1. Requirements. To be available, every new name published after 1930 must satisfy the provisions of Article 11 and must
13.1.1. be accompanied by a description or definition that states in words characters that are
purported to differentiate
the taxon," [Bold mine]

They indeed describe the plumage of the species, but they present no diagnosis IMO. Or am I too severe in my interpretation?
 
There are now at least 7 synonyms in 4 years for Zootaxa. The hall of shame now reads as follows:

1. Icterus "bullockorum" Chesser 2015.

2. "Cassicinae" Remsen, Powell, Schodde, Barker & Lanyon 2016.

3. "Inundicola" Bravo, Isler & Brumfield 2013.

4. "Tachurididae" Ohlson, Irestedt, Ericson & Fjeldså, 2013.

5. "Ortalisini" David, 2014.

6. "Remsenornis" Piacentini 2017.

7. ''Elliotia'' Stiles, Remsen & Macguire, 2017

See further here: http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=241162&page=8

There is a remarkable commonality of authors, reviewers, patronym-people and editors among the above; a lack of serious rigour or challenge may lead to mistakes. In addition to the databases referred to in this discussion, several senior ornithologists seem to remain unaware of Google.*

* Other reputable search engines are also available.
 
''Elliotia'' Stiles, Remsen & Macguire, 2017
A new replacement name is in process, dixit Stiles, ramen

In addition to the databases referred to in this discussion, several senior ornithologists seem to remain unaware of Google

I'ld say that they don't want to waste their time to inquire if a name exists or not
 
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What is the current synonym of Oreopyra leucaspis Gould, 1860 ? I'm looking for if a genus available for Lampornis hemileucus, but except Oreopyra or Prodosia Simon, 1918 (which is a junior homonym of Prodosia Dyar, 1914), I cannot find other. Thks
 
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