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Phylloscopidae (1 Viewer)

MJB said:
Thank you, Richard! I'm hanging on with my metaphorical grey matter fingernails after reading the abstract, but "overdispersed assemblages" threatens to send me spinning into the abyss of manic jargon!

Has anyone got a short (Please!) definition/explanation?
Click to expand...

For an even shorter explanation, it's a measure of how related a community of species is. For a simple example, in a community of bird species (assemblage), if you find just one species from any particular family or genus, that's overdispersion. If you find a bunch of species in the same family or genus, say there are flocks of 10+ different warbler or sparrow species, or a wetland with a whole bunch of duck and heron species, that's underdispersion or clustering. The clustering means that across the whole phylogenetic tree of birds, the species in the community you are looking at form "clusters" in particular places on the tree rather than being evenly dispersed across it.
 
ntbirdman said:
For an even shorter explanation, it's a measure of how related a community of species is. For a simple example, in a community of bird species (assemblage), if you find just one species from any particular family or genus, that's overdispersion. If you find a bunch of species in the same family or genus, say there are flocks of 10+ different warbler or sparrow species, or a wetland with a whole bunch of duck and heron species, that's underdispersion or clustering. The clustering means that across the whole phylogenetic tree of birds, the species in the community you are looking at form "clusters" in particular places on the tree rather than being evenly dispersed across it.
Click to expand...

Many thanks for that! I was guessing something of the kind, but wasn't at all sure.
MJB
 
Willow Warbler

Max Lundberg, John Boss, Björn Canbäck, Miriam Liedvogel, Keith W Larson, Mats Grahn, Susanne Åkesson, Staffan Bensch and Anthony Wright. Characterisation of a transcriptome to find sequence differences between two differentially migrating subspecies of the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus. BMC Genomics 2013, 14:330.
[PDF]

***
Max Lundberg, Miriam Liedvogel, Susanne Åkesson, Staffan Bensch. Genetics of migration - insights from a Willow Warbler migratory divide. XIV Congress of the European Society for Evolutionary Biology. Lisbon, 2013.

Abstract:
Every autumn young passerines migrate to wintering areas without the guidance of experienced adults. This is made possible by the expression of a genetic program encoding information on when, in which direction and how far to migrate. Although it has been established that migratory behaviour has a strong genetic basis, virtually nothing is known about the underlying genes. Knowledge of specific migration genes would allow for a much deeper mechanistic understanding of migration. In addition, comparing the genes in different migratory organisms would shed light on the evolution of these behavioural adaptations. Our research focuses on two subspecies of the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus in Northern Europe. The subspecies are morphologically and genetically extremely similar, but migrate to different wintering areas in Africa. In order to detect genetic variation associated with their different migratory strategies, we used next-generation sequencing of expressed genes in migrating and breeding individuals of both subspecies. The sequence data suggests that a very small proportion of coding genes differ between the subspecies and that these genes are clustered in two chromosome regions. Genetic variation within these chromosome regions is currently being investigated in a hybrid zone between the subspecies. Because of the segregation of genetic variation in hybrids, the chromosome regions are expected to be more independently associated with the different migratory strategies. This will enable us to determine whether these chromosome regions are linked to migration.
 
Willow Warbler

Larson 2012. Hybrid zone dynamics, assortative mating, and migratory programmes in a willow warbler migratory divide. Academic dissertation: Department of Biology, Lund University. [BRANTA]

Clement 2006 (HBW 11).
 
Buff-barred Warbler

Martin Päckert, Yue-Hua Sun, Balduin S Fischer, Dieter Thomas Tietze, Jochen Martens, 2014. A phylogeographic break and bioacoustic intraspecific differentiation in the Buff-barred Warbler (Phylloscopus pulcher) (Aves: Passeriformes, Phylloscopidae). Avian Research, September 2014, 5:2.

[PDF]

Conclusions: Based on the genetic and bioacoustic distinctiveness of Chinese Buff-barred Warbler populations, we recommend that the name Phylloscopus pulcher vegetus Bangs, 1913 should be re-validated for this taxon.
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Grey-hooded & Blyth's Leaf Warblers

Singh & Price (in press). Causes of the latitudinal gradient in birdsong complexity assessed from geographical variation within two Himalayan warbler species. Ibis. [abstract]
 
Sperm size

Supriya, Rowe, Laskemoen, Mohan, Price & Lifjeld (in press). Early diversification of sperm size in the evolutionary history of the Old World Leaf Warblers (Phylloscopidae). J Evol Biol. [abstract] [supp info]
 
Willow Warbler

Richard Klim said:
Larson 2012. Hybrid zone dynamics, assortative mating, and migratory programmes in a willow warbler migratory divide. Academic dissertation: Department of Biology, Lund University. [BRANTA]
Clement 2006 (HBW 11).
Click to expand...
Peter Kovalik said:
Max Lundberg, John Boss, Björn Canbäck, Miriam Liedvogel, Keith W Larson, Mats Grahn, Susanne Åkesson, Staffan Bensch and Anthony Wright. Characterisation of a transcriptome to find sequence differences between two differentially migrating subspecies of the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus. BMC Genomics 2013, 14:330. [PDF]
Click to expand...
Støstad, Rekdal, Kleven, Laskemoen, Marthinsen, Johnsen & Lifjeld (in press). Weak geographical structure in sperm morphology across the range of two willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus subspecies in Scandinavia. J Avian Biol. [abstract]
 
Per Alström, Frank E. Rheindt, Ruiying Zhang, Min Zhao, Jing Wang, Xiaojia Zhu, Chyi Yin Gwee, Yan Hao, Jan Ohlson, Chenxi Jia, Dewi M. Prawiradilaga, Per G.P. Ericson, Fumin Lei. Complete species-level phylogeny of the leaf warbler (Aves: Phylloscopidae) radiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. In Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available online 6 April 2018§

Abstract:

The leaf warbler radiation (Aves: Phylloscopidae) has undergone a c. 50% increase in the number of recognised species over the last three decades, mainly as a result of analyses of vocalisations and DNA. Using a multilocus dataset for all of the species in this family, and multispecies coalescent-based as well as concatenation methods, we provide the first complete species-level phylogeny for this important group, as well as an estimate of the timing of diversification. The most recent common ancestor for the family was dated at 11.7 million years ago (mya) (95% highest posterior density 9.8–13.7 mya), and divergence times between sister species ranged from 0.5 mya (0.3–0.8 mya) to 6.1 mya (4.8–7.5 mya). Based on our results, we support synonymising Seicercus with Phylloscopus, which results in a monogeneric Phylloscopidae. We discuss the pros and cons of this treatment, and we argue against proliferation of taxonomic names, and conclude that a large monogeneric Phylloscopidae leads to the fewest taxonomic changes compared to traditional classifications.

We briefly discuss morphological evolution in the light of the phylogeny. The time calibrated phylogeny is a major improvement compared to previous studies based on a smaller number of species and loci and can provide a basis for future studies of other aspects of phylloscopid evolution.
 
Boyd (2017) recognised no fewer than nine genera, which are largely in agreement with
the clades recovered by us (and most of which were applied at the subgeneric level already by
Watson et al., 1986 based on morphological similarities): clade E, Cryptigata Mathews, 1925
(type Gerygone giulianetti = Phylloscopus maforensis giulianetti); clade F, Pycnosphrys
Strickland, 1849 (type Pycnosphrys grammiceps); clade K, Acanthopneuste H. Blasius, 1858
(type Phyllopneuste borealis); clade M, Seicercus Swainson, 1837 (type Cryptolopha
auricapilla Swainson = Sylvia burkii E. Burton); clade N, Pindalus Gurney, 1862 (type
Pogonocichla ruficapilla); clade O, “Pycnosphrys”; clade U, Phylloscopus Boie, 1826 (type
Motacilla trochilus); clade W, Abrornis J.E. and G.R. Gray, 1847 (type Abrornis erochroa =
Phylloscopus pulcher); and clade X, Rhadina Billberg, 1828 (type Motacilla sibilatrix).
We support the proposal by del Hoyo and Collar (2016) to synonymise Seicercus with
Phylloscopus. This will lead to the fewest taxonomic changes compared to traditional
classifications. The main changes are that Seicercus affinis needs to change name to
Phylloscopus intermedius and Phylloscopus davisoni must change to Phylloscopus intensior
(see explanations in del Hoyo and Collar, 2016). In order to apply Boyd’s (2017) multigenus
approach, one would have to propose a new generic name for clade O (as presumably
indicated by Boyd [2017] by placing “Pycnosphrys” in quotation marks). [...]
Click to expand...


Another option (maybe the one I would follow) would be to recognize three genera : Phylloscopus Boie, 1826 for the clade X and Y, Pycnosphrys Strickland, 1849 for the clade L and Seicercus Swainson, 1837 for the clade P.
 
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