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Tyrannides (1 Viewer)

Ramphotrigon

Lavinia P.D., Escalante P., Tubaro P.L. & Lijtmaer D.A., 2020. Molecular phylogenetics and phenotypic reassessment of the Ramphotrigon flycatchers: deep paraphyly in the context of an intriguing biogeographic scenario. J. Avian Biol.

There
 
JAN I. OHLSON, MARTIN IRESTEDT, HENRIQUE BATALHA FILHO, PER G. P. ERICSON, JON FJELDSÅ (2020) A revised classification of the fluvicoline tyrant flycatchers (Passeriformes, Tyrannidae, Fluvicolinae)


Abstract

A new classification is proposed for the subfamily Fluvicolinae in the New World Flycatchers (Tyrannidae), based on the results of a previously published phylogeny including more than 90% of the species. In this classification we propose one new family level name (Ochthoecini) and one new generic name (Scotomyias). We also resurrect three genera (Heteroxolmis, Pyrope and Nengetus) and subsume five (Tumbezia, Lathrotriccus, Polioxolmis, Neoxolmis and Myiotheretes) into other genera to align the classification with the current understanding of phylogenetic relationships in Fluvicolinae.

https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4747.1.7


New tribe
Ochthoecini, Ohlson, Irestedt, Batalha Filho, Ericson and Fjeldså, new family group name
Type genus: Ochthoeca Cabanis, 1847
Included genera: Ochthoeca Cabanis, Myiophobus Reichenbach, Colorhamphus Sundevall, Silvicultrix Lanyon, and Scotomyias, Ohlson, Irestedt, Batalho Filho, Ericson and Fjeldså.
Diagnosis: A morphologically homogeneous group, which is well-supported in all published phylogenetic studies. There are no known internal anatomical characters that define the clade. Morphologically and behaviorally the
group is well-defined as sexually monomorphic flycatchers with a compact body shape, generally upright posture with protruding breast when perched, and moderately long tails, moderately long tarsi, and a triangular, moderately compressed and broad-based bill with rictal bristles extending slightly beyond the middle of the bill. Plumage colouration and patterns generally simple. In general, colouration includes dark olive, earthy brownish or sooty upperparts and underparts varying from sooty grey to rufous, pale grey, dull yellowish or bright yellow depending on the species. Some species have a rufous breast band; streaking on the chest occurs only in Myiophobus. Myiophobus and Ochthoeca salvini have distinctive pale wing bars, otherwise wing patterns are usually subdued, mostly in the form of dull cinnamon or buff wing bars. Distinctive markings include bright white, yellow, or rufous bands across forehead and eyebrow (Ochthoeca, Silvicultrix) and bright yellow or orange coronal patches (Myiophobus, Scotomyias).
Cladistic definition: All descendants of the most recent common ancestor of Myiophobus fasciatus (Statius Müller) and Ochthoeca leucophrys (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye).
Habitat and distribution: Myiophobus has a wide distribution in scrubby habitats in tropical lowlands of South America; the remainder of the genera are largely restricted to the Andes, with one species in the Tumbesian lowlands, one species in the tepuis and one species in the austral Nothofagus forest. Most species occur in humid forest undergrowth and edges, but one clade in Ochthoeca favours drier habitats. All species forage by short sallies to air or vegetation, usually from a low perch.
The name Ochthoecini appears in Fjeldså (2012) but there it does not fulfill requirements for new family group names in the ICZN (e.g. articles 13.1 and 16.1: no description or diagnosis, no explicit intent to establish it as a new
name etc.).
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New genus

Scotomyias, Ohlson, Irestedt, Batalha Filho, Ericson & Fjeldså, new genus
Type species: Myiobius flavicans P. L. Sclater, currently recognized as Myiophobus flavicans
Included species: Scotomyias flavicans, Scotomyias inornatus (Carriker), Scotomyias phoenicomitra (Taczanowski & Berlepsch) and Scotomyias roraimae (Salvin & Godman). These species are all currently recognized as members of Myiophobus.
Diagnosis: Small (11–13.5 cm body length), compact chat-tyrants with subdued colours but proportions similar to those of close relatives Silvicultrix W. Lanyon and Ochthoeca. All species have an orange or yellow semi-concealed coronal stripe (males only), but lack the prominent bright eyebrow stripe typical of all Silvicultrix and Ochthoeca species. Upperparts dull olive green or brownish, underparts dull olive yellow to dull yellowish white, with smudgy olive flammulations on chest and body sides. Wings and tail have varying degrees of diffusely demarcated
cinnamon or buffy edges to secondary coverts and fringes of the remiges, forming distinctive wing-bars only in M. roraimae. These markings extend along the whole length of the feathers, with no contrasting black area at the base of the secondaries in the closed wing, as seen in Nephelomyias and Myiophobus. Iris always dark, legs dark grey
or blackish, upper mandible blackish, lower mandible usually dull orange to flesh-coloured. There are no known synapomorphies in internal anatomy for this group.
Cladistic definition: All descendants of the most recent common ancestor of Scotomyias flavicans and S. roraimae.
Habitat and distribution: All species inhabit understorey and thickets in humid forest in the Andes and the Guiana Highlands, mainly in the lower montane forest, up to 2700 m. Generally rather quiet and sluggish and normally found in pairs or family groups. Usually forage independently and do not follow mixed feeding parties; forage with short aerial sallies from a low perch.
Etymology: Gr. σκοτος skotos darkness, gloom; Mod. L. myias flycatcher. Refers to the dark and shadowy forest interior habitat of all species in the genus, a habitat in which few other members of Fluvicolinae are found. The
name is masculine in gender.
Comments: These species form a strongly supported clade sister to Silvicultrix (Fjeldså et al. 2018). In view of the close similarity both in plumage and syringeal characters (Lanyon 1986) and the fact that S. inornatus and S. flavicans replace each other geographically, we also infer that S. inornatus should be included in this genus, although genetic data is lacking for it.
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Other taxonomic changes:

Recognize Heteroxolmis Lanyon, 1986 (type = Tyrannus dominicanus (Vieillot) for Xolmis dominicanus and remove it from Xolmini to Fluvicolini. The distinctiveness of dominicanus from other Xolmis species was recognized by Lanyon (1986) based on morphological characters of the nasal capsule and syrinx, but he regarded the two genera as close relatives. Among the character states that motivated a separation from Xolmis is a fully ossified nasal capsule, including alinasal walls and turbinals, which is also found in Alectrurus Vieillot, Gubernetes Such, Fluvicola Swainson and Arundinicola d’Orbigny (Lanyon 1986). As the gender of Heteroxolmis is feminine (see Lanyon 1986, fig. 24), the name of the species becomes Heteroxolmis dominicana

Merge Tumbezia Chapman, 1925 into Ochthoeca Cabanis, 1847, Tumbezia salvini (Taczanowski) becoming Ochthoeca salvini. The alternative would be to create a new genus for the clade containing Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris (Lafresnaye) and O. thoracica (Taczanowski), which in our opinion would be an unnecessary splitting of a morphologically and ecologically homogenous clade.

Merge Lathrotriccus W. E. Lanyon & S. M. Lanyon, 1986 into Aphanotriccus Ridgway, 1905, Lathrotriccus euleri (Cabanis) and Lathrotriccus griseipectus (Lawrence) becoming Aphanotriccus euleri and Aphanotriccus griseipectus. The two clades are reciprocally monophyletic, but the estimated divergence date between them (ca. 2.5 Mya) is comparable to within-genus divergence times in well-established genera in Tyrannidae, and there are no significant behavioural or morphological differences between the two.

Merge Polioxolmis W. E. Lanyon, 1986, into Cnemarchus Ridgway, 1905, Polioxolmis rufipennis (Taczanowski) becoming Cnemarchus rufipennis. The estimated divergence date between them (ca. 4.5 Mya) is comparable to within-genus divergence times in well-established genera in Tyrannidae, and differences in morphology and behaviour between the two are not significant.

Recognize Pyrope Cabanis & Heine, 1859 [type Pyrope kittlitzi Cabanis & Heine, currently Xolmis pyrope (Kittlitz, 1830)] for Xolmis pyrope. (now Pyrope pyrope)

Recognize Nengetus Swainson, 1827 [type Tyrannus nengeta Swainson, currently known as Xolmis cinereus (Vieillot)] for Xolmis cinereus, X. coronatus (Vieillot), X. rubetra (Burmeister), X. salinarum, Neoxolmis rufiventris (Vieillot), sole species in Neoxolmis (Hellmayr, 1927), and all four species currently placed in the
genus Myiotheretes (Reichenbach, 1850). This creates a genus with broad morphological and behavioural variation from terrestrial, long-legged species like N. rufiventris to the arboreal, short-legged species formerly in Myiotheretes. However, apart from the differences in tarsal length, as an adaptation to an arboreal foraging strategy, morphological differences are not strong. An alternative arrangement would have been to retain Myiotheretes, move X. rubetra and X. salinarum to Neoxolmis, erect a new genus for X. coronatus and reserve the name Nengetus for X. cinereus. However, the unresolved phylogenetic positions of N. cinereus and N. coronatus within this clade argue against placing them in monophyletic genera. Nengetus is male in gender, so no suffix changes are needed in the species epithets of any of its included species.
 
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"Xolmini Tello, Moyle, Marchese & Cracraft" (Xolmiini; tribe; Tello JG, Moyle RG, Marchese DJ, Cracraft J. 2009. Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the tyrant flycatchers, cotingas, manakins and their allies (Aves: Tyrannides). Cladistics 25: 429-467.; p. 455; [here]) is a nomen nudum.
("Diagnosis. The most inclusive crown clade that includes Agriornis micropterus and Lessonia rufa but not Contopus fumigatus or Fluvicola pica. No morphological synapomorphies have been proposed, but the clade is moderately supported by molecular data." is absolutely not a statement of characters that differentiate the taxon.)
Incidentally, if the name had been available, the original stem ('Xolmiini", not "Xolmini"), in a name introduced after 1999, would have had to be respected. (Just like Fitzpatrick's "Contopini" (introduced 2004) is retained unchanged, despite it should obviously have been "Contopodini".)


Agriornithini should be available for the group as delineated here.
  • “Agriornithinés”; family; Chenu JC, Oeillet Des Murs MAP. 1852. Encyclopédie d'histoire naturelle; ou, traité complet de cette science d'après les travaux des naturalistes les plus éminents de tous les pays et de toutes les époques. Oiseaux. Troisième partie. Maresq et compagnie, Paris.; p. 292; http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1968701
  • Agriornithinae; family; Desmarest E. 1857. Encyclopédie d'histoire naturelle. Table alphabétique des noms vulgaires et scientifiques de tous les animaux décrits et figurés dans cette encyclopédie. Oiseaux. Marescq et compagnie, Paris.; http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47982353
  • Agriornithinae; tribe; Olph-Galliard L. 1857. Versuch eines natürlichen Systems der Vögel. Naumannia 7: 151-77.; p. 171; http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2451117
(The exact source may be disputable. I do not really think it can be claimed that this name "has been generally accepted as valid by authors interested in the group concerned and as dating from that first publication in vernacular form", thus taking it from Chenu & Des Murs, where it has a French ending, is probably not doable. I'm not certain which of the other two appeared first. But the name is certainly available from one of these three refs.)
 
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Perso, I would have liked a generic separation of Fluvicola pica and Fluvicola albiventer, I don't know "Rheotriccus"


Empidonax could split into 4 genera if its polyphyly is strongly supported (Empidonax, Cnemonax and 2 unnamed genera)
 
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LeNomenclatoriste said:
Perso, I would have liked a generic separation of Fluvicola pica and Fluvicola albiventer, I don't know "Rheotriccus"


Empidonax could split into 4 genera if its polyphyly is strongly supported (Empidonax, Cnemonax and 2 unnamed genera)
Click to expand...

Ugh...Empidonax are so similar to one another I would be strongly against any move to split up the genus. It's also a very useful term to use when talking about flycatchers. I would rather merge other genera in with the group as needed.
 
Mysticete said:
Ugh...Empidonax are so similar to one another I would be strongly against any move to split up the genus. It's also a very useful term to use when talking about flycatchers. I would rather merge other genera in with the group as needed.
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If the option of merging genera into one is chosen, the valid name for all of them is Sayornis Bonaparte, 1854, if I'm not wrong

Here their comment about Empidonax

In the case of Empidonax, phylogenetic resolution and statistical support for non-monophyly is insufficient for taxonomic changes to be made at this point. There are no known diagnostic morphological features to distinguish
between the four Empidonax clades, but each of them possesses at least one unique ecological trait that separates them from their congeners (Johnson & Cicero 2002), as follows. Empidonax virescens (Vieillot, 1818) is the only species in its clade, and is also the type of the genus. It is unique in inhabiting bottomland forest interior, often near small streams. The second clade [E. flaviventris (W. M. Baird & S. F. Baird), E. flavescens Lawrence, E. difficilis (S. F. Baird) and E. occidentalis Nelson] differs from other Empidonax species by placing a mossy nest on a ledge or in a crevice, instead of placing a nest of plant fibers in a branch fork. The third clade, which consists of E. albigula is (P. L. Sclater & Salvin), E. alnorum (Brewster) and E. traillii (Audubon), differs from other Empidonax species by breeding in damp, often semi-open habitats like moist thickets and bog margins, in contrast to the generally dry to mesic woodland or forest edge habitat of other species. The fourth clade [Empidonax atriceps Salvin, E. fulvifrons (Giraud Jr.), E. minimus (W. M. Baird & S. F. Baird), E. wrightii S. F. Baird, E. hammondii (Xántus), E. affinis (Swainson) and E. oberholseri A. R. Phillips] differs from other Empidonax clades by having unmarked eggs. If a division of Empidonax into several genera is shown to be necessary, the name Empidonax is applicable to the clade containing E. virescens, whereas the name Cnemonax Brodkorb, 1936 (type species Empidonax atriceps) is available for a clade containing E. atriceps (clade 4 in this work). Any further new genera would need new names.
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Muscisaxicola fluviatilis is relatively distant from the other members of this genus and the divergence time is comparable with other clades such as Colorhamphus/Ochthoeca or Scotomyias/Silvicultrix. Merit its own genus, why not Actomyias
 
I find it weird that they propose a linear classification of Fluvicolini - Ochthoecini - Contopini - Xolmini, where their clades are ( Fluvicolini + ( Contopini + ( Ochthoecini + Xolmini )))

"For the linear classification we use the following principles: tribes, genera and species are arranged in a se-quence that follows the phylogeny, starting with the deepest branches, and with the smallest of sister groups first. "
 
TomDerutter said:
I find it weird that they propose a linear classification of Fluvicolini - Ochthoecini - Contopini - Xolmini, where their clades are ( Fluvicolini + ( Contopini + ( Ochthoecini + Xolmini )))
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They apparently treated (Ochthoecini + Contopini + "Xolmini") as a trichotomy.
(Their ( Ochthoecini + "Xolmini" ) node had a Bayesian support below 0.7, which is really, really weak.)
 
G. Kohler's 2017 thesis (referred to in #75) includes the following new genera:
Inambariornis Cohn-Haft, Kohler, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Hemitriccus spodiops (von Berlepsch, 1901).
Lanyonia Cohn-Haft, Kohler, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Poecilotriccus senex (von Pelzeln, 1868).
Andinotriccus Kohler, Cohn-Haft, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Hemitriccus granadensis (Hartlaub, 1843).
Bornscheinia Kohler, Cohn-Haft, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Hemitriccus orbitatus (zu Wied, 1831).
Campina Cohn-Haft, Kohler, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Hemitriccus inornatus (von Pelzeln, 1868).
Krotalotriccus Kohler, Cohn-Haft, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Poecilotriccus capitalis (P. Sclater, 1857).
Physatriccus Kohler, Cohn-Haft, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Poecilotriccus sylvia (Desmarest, 1806).
 
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James Jobling said:
G. Kohler's 2017 thesis (referred to in #75) includes the following new genera:
Inambariornis Cohn-Haft, Kohler, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Hemitriccus spodiops (von Berlepsch, 1901).
Lanyonia Cohn-Haft, Kohler, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Poecilostriccus senex (von Pelzeln, 1868).
Andinotriccus Kohler, Cohn-Haft, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Hemitriccus granadensis (Hartlaub, 1843).
Bornscheinia Kohler, Cohn-Haft, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Hemitriccus orbitatus (zu Wied, 1831).
Campina Cohn-Haft, Kohler, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Hemitriccus inornatus (von Pelzeln, 1868).
Krotalotriccus Kohler, Cohn-Haft, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Poecilotriccus capitalis (P. Sclater, 1857).
Physatriccus Kohler, Cohn-Haft, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas. Type: Poecilotriccus sylvia (Desmarest, 1806).
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Yep, but the divergence time is short (≈4 mya - 2 mya) making the lineage very young... I'm not against merging all species into one genus, Hemitriccus.


Of course, a name introduce in a dissert is not available in accordance with the ICZN
 
LeNomenclatoriste said:
Of course, a name introduce in a dissert is not available in accordance with the ICZN
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This work is (presumably) not published in the sense of the ICZN.
Theses and dissertations (nowadays) are most often issued in a way that does not satisfy the criteria of publication set by the ICZN. But there is nothing in the Code that states specifically that names in theses or dissertations are not available. If a reasonable number of identical copies of this thesis were printed and made obtainable by the public, it would be published, and the names might in principle be deemed available.
(But the author of all of them would probably be Kohler alone.)
 
l_raty said:
This work is (presumably) not published in the sense of the ICZN.
Theses and dissertations (nowadays) are most often issued in a way that does not satisfy the criteria of publication set by the ICZN. But there is nothing in the Code that states specifically that names in theses or dissertations are not available. If a reasonable number of identical copies of this thesis were printed and made obtainable by the public, it would be published, and the names might in principle be deemed available.
(But the author of all of them would probably be Kohler alone.)
Click to expand...


Anyway, this multiplicity of name is totally unnecessary. Kohler, if you read that, you're warned
 
The Pleistocene origin and diversification of the genera Colopteryx at 1.82
Myr (CI: 1.27-2.38), Lophotriccus and Oncostoma at 1.62 Myr (CI: 1.08-2.14) and
Inambariornis at 1.82 Myr (CI: 1.27-2.38) are discussed in detail on a separate
publication (Kohler et al. in. prep)
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Has this since been published?
One of the names is derived from the greek word for the sound of emptying the bladder. Maybe the author is just taking the mickey with these names?
Glauco is warned:
https://wallpapersafari.com/evil-monkey-wallpaper .
 

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