Hi Angus,
It's a pity your specimen isn't a female, you might have been able to obtain ova and breed a series, that might have given you more clues. A genitalia prep., may be the only way to finally determine exactly what it is.
As to Ken's suggestion that it may possibly be a Sallow/Poplar hybrid, I suppose it may be possible, they are very closely related. However, I haven't heard on this occurring naturally in the wild. Certainly hybrids do occur between certain species but they are very rare.
Hybridism is more frequent when initiated artificially by an insect breeder, but the results are frequently very poor with many larva dying when young, or emerging as crippled adults. Certainly the Eyed Hawk x Poplar Hawk hybrid seems to be reasonably successfull, but whether it occurs naturally in the wild I'm not at all sure.
Several years ago I made many attempts to hybridize dwarf forms of Large Heath butterfly with typical sized Small Heath butterfly. In these two species the genitalia are identical, although slightly larger in Large Heath. By using a dwarf form of the larger species I had hoped that this size difference in genitalia may have been evened out. After considerable experimentation a mating was achieved. Larval mortality was high and only four managed to pupate. Of the resultant images, three had crippled wings, only one specimen reaching the perfect state. This hybrid carried all the markings of a Large Heath, the only detectable difference being a lighter upper wing coloring reminiscent of the the Small Heath.
I think if Angus can locate a virgin female of Sallow Kitten and place it in a breeding cage with his undetermined specimen it is likely, that if a mating occurs, then his specimen is a Sallow Kitten. If no mating takes place then we will be back where we started.
Harry Eales.